Clinical Nursing- HOSA

ABO incompatibility

Hemolytic disease that occurs when the mother's blood type is O and the newborn's is A, B, or AB

Adjusted Age

adjustment made in age of child if born prematurely

Anemia

A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.

anomaly

deviation from what is normalA

antepartum

before birth

antibiotics

Drugs that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria

Anticonvulsant

a drug that opposes convulsions

Antireflux medications

Drugs that stop reflux, the backward flow of stomach contents into the infant's esophagus, "or food pipe" (Reflux can trigger apnea and/or bradycardia.)

APGAR

appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration

Apnea

absence of breathing

Asphyxia

condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen

Aspiration

Breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs

Atelectasis

collapsed lung

Audiometric testing

measurement of hearing, usually with an instrument called an audiometer. the graphic representation of the results is called an audiogram

BAER

brainstem auditory evoked response

Bagging

Inflating the patient's lungs by squeezing the reservoir bag. Manual, positive-pressure ventilation.

Bayley Scales

An intelligence test developed to be used to assess intelligence in infants and young children.

Bili Lights (phototherapy)

treatment of neonatal jaundice in which light of the

appropriate wavelength passes through the infant skin and breaks down plasma bilirubin,

avoiding kernicterus

Bilirubin

pigment released by the liver in bile

Blood Gases

gases that are normally dissolved in the liquid portion of blood

Bonding

obtaining insurance protection against theft by employees

BPD (bronchopulmonary dysplasia)

chronic pulmonary disease occurring in infants whose lungs require supplemental oxygen

Bradycardia

slow heart rate

Brain bleed

Hemorrhagic CVA

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response Test

evaluates nerve paths from the ear to the brain

Bronchodilator

agent causing the bronchi to widen

Bronchoscopy

the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

chronic lung condition that affect newborns on vents or preemies, had RDS, lung immaturity, severe resp/lung infections. Vent presses and damages epithelium, alveolar walls become fibrotic, lungs develop atelectasis and collapse. s/s: tachycardia, tachypnea, increased work of breathing (retractions/nasal flaring) pallor, cyanosis, restlessness. Rx: O2, diuretics, bronchodilators, anti-inflammatories, increase cal formulas and hydration. Nursing: rest periods, monitor fluid overload, pulm edema, frequent resp assessment

Caffeine

a stimulant drug found in coffee, tea, cola drinks, chocolate, and many over-the-counter medications

Cannula

Plastic prongs placed in nose to deliver oxygen

Cardiology

science dealing with the action and diseases of the heart

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CPR

Cardiorespiratory Monitor

Heart Monitor or a C-R Monitor:

Three adhesive patches with wires connected to them are placed on the baby's chest, abdomen, arms or legs.

Wires travel to a machine that displays:

heart rate

heart beat pattern

breathing rate

breathing pattern

Cath toes

Temporary discoloration of a baby's toes due to decreased blood flow to the toes, sometimes due to an umbilical artery catheter

Catheter

tube for injecting or removing fluids

Central line

An IV access into one of the major blood vessels.

Central nervous system

brain and spinal cord

Cerebral palsy

paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement

Cerebrospinal fluid

Fluid in the space between the meninges that acts as a shock absorber that protects the central nervous system.

Chest tube

Catheter inserted through the thorax into the chest cavity for removing air or fluid; used after chest or heart surgery or pneumothorax.

Chorioamnionitis

inflammation of the chorion and amnion

Chronic lung disease

respiratory acidosis

CMV

cytomegalovirus

CNS

central nervous system; brain and spinal cord

Colostrum

a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest

Complete blood count

CBC

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Diaphragm doesn't fully develop allowing abdominal organs to migrate into the chest cavity

Congestive heart failure

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

Continuous positive airway pressure

device that pumps a constant pressurized flow of air through the nasal passages, commonly used during sleep to prevent airway closure in sleep apnea

Corrected age

Age calculation, also referred to as adjusted age, used for premature infants to consider achievement of developmental milestones Age calculated by subtracting the weeks of prematurity from chronological age

Cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin

Cytomegalovirus

herpes-type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised

DC

discontinue

Decadron

Dexamethasone

Developmental care

Care that takes into consideration the gestational age and condition of the infant and promotes the development of the infant

Developmental delay

when a child performs like a younger child

DIC

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

widespread clotting and obstruction of blood flow to the tissues

Diuretic

agent that increases urine output

Down syndrome

a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Dx

diagnosis

Echocardiogram

ultrasound of the heart

ECMO

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Edema

swelling

EEG

electroencephalogram

EKG

electrocardiogram

Electroencephalogram

record of the electricity in the brain

Electrolytes

minerals that help maintain the body's fluid balance

Endotracheal tube

polyvinyl-chloride airway that is inserted through the nose or the mouth into the trachea, using a laryngoscope as a guide

Esophagus

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

Exchange transfusion

Direct transfer of blood from a donor to a recipient, as the recipient's blood is being removed. This technique is used to treat fetal blood incompatibilities and poisoning victims.

Extubation

removal of a previously inserted tube

Fine motor skills

physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin

Fontanel

Soft spot in the skull where membranes cover the space between bones

Fraternal twins

twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment.

Full-term

a pregnancy that has reached between 39 weeks 0 days and 40 weeks 6 days of gestation

GA

gastric analysis, general anesthesia

Gastrostomy

making a new opening in the stomach

Gastroesophageal reflux

the movement of chyme from the stomach into the lower esophagus

Gavage feeding

Nasogastric tube for infants

Genetic abnormality

any abnormality in the genes, including missing, extra or defective genes

Genetic counseling

guidance for prospective parents on the likelihood of genetic disorders in their future children

Gestation

growth process from conception to birth

Gestational age

the age of the fetus between conception and birth

Gram

A unit of measuring weight; 30 grams = 1 ounce. (Each baby is weighed daily and the weight is measured in grams.)

Grunting

An "uh" sound heard during exhalation; reflects the child's attempt to keep the alveoli open; a sign of increased work of breathing.

Head ultrasound

A painless test that uses sound waves to show the structures in the brain; used to detect bleeding into the brain or other suspected problems

Heel stick

Method of obtaining blood samples when veins cannot or should not be used

Hematocrit

percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

Hemoglobin

An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen.

Hernia

Protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

Herpes

inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters

High-risk

Increased chance of poor health outcome

Hyaline membrane disease

acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn

Hydrocephalus

accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain

Hyperbilirubinemia

excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood

Hypercalcemia

excessive calcium in the blood

Hypercapnia

excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, typically caused by inadequate respiration.

Hyperglycemia

high blood sugar

Hyperkalemia

excessive potassium in the blood