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Most ___ states gained independence after 1940
African
The Peace of Westphalia did what?
marked the beginning of the modern state system (after a war of religion)
At the global scale, political geographers study the spatial manifestations of political processes expressed in the organization of territories with permanent population, defined territory and a government. These spatial units are called ___
states
The present number of countries and territories in the world is around ___
206
Robert Ardery argued that humans are concerned with ___
collecting and securing territory
Robert Sack's view of human territorial behavior is closely related to the concept of ___
sovereignty
The Peace of Westphalia marked the end of ___
the 30 Years War
The promotion of the acquisition of wealth through plunder, colonization, and the protection of home industries and foreign markets during Europe's rebirth called ___
mercantilism (exports exceed imports)
What ultimately proved to be the undoing of monarchical absolutism and its system of patronage during Europe's rebirth?
the rise of the middle class
The rise of the modern state idea, where territory defined society rather than society defining territory, swept through Europe in the ___
1600s
When not all people within a state identify with the dominant sense of nationality, movements for separation of nation and territory may arise. For example, the ___ in ___
The Basques/Spain; The Kurds/Turkey
Kurdistan and Palestine are examples of a ___
stateless nation
Yugoslavia was a prime example of a ___
multinational state/ European colonialism
The European state idea spread throughout the world through ___
colonialism
One of the most powerful impacts of colonialism was the construction of global order characterized by great differences in ___
economic and political power
The highly uneven distribution of economic and political power that developed from colonialism was due to the concentration of wealth brought to ___
Europe
Wallerstein's views expressed in world systems theory hold that the global integrating force has been ___
capitalism
The emergence of a global capitalistic economy began to develop around about ___
1450
The dominating colonial influence in Libya, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia was ___
Italy
___ is an example of a core country which was never a classical colonial power.
Austria
The boundaries of independent African states were drawn at the Berlin Conference and were essentially drawn ___
arbitrarily by Europeans w/o regard to Africans
What is characteristic of unitary state governments?
One government controls everything (Ohio: all power comes from Columbus)
Nigeria is a state with a federal system of government. This fact is reflected in the adoption of ___ law in the states of the Muslim North.
Shari'a
The movement of power from the central government regional governments is referred to as ___
devolution
Scotland and Wales are to the UK as ___ are to Spain
Galicia and Catalonia
Which country has experienced violent devolution?
Yugoslavia
In 1997, Scotland took a major devolutionary step with the establishment of ___
parliament
The differences in Italy between the northern Po region and the southern Mezzogiorno are attributed to ___
core-periphery processes
Distance, remoteness and marginal location enhance the potential for devolution. This form of devolution is referred to as ___
spatial devolution
The process of adjustment of the number of representatives in the US House of reps to reflect shifts in population patterns is known as ___
reapportionment (electoral geography)
A boundary between countries is a ___
vertical plane that cuts through the rocks below and air above
The boundary between the US and Canada west of the Great Lakes is an example of a ___
geometric boundary
Which is an example of an allocational boundary dispute?
what's below the ground (water, oil, etc.)
Geometric boundaries, totally unrelated to any aspects of the cultural or physical landscape, were made considerable use of by the colonial powers in ___
Africa
Friedrich Ratzel's organic theory identified ___ as a state's essential life-giving source.
Space (territories)
What country used geopolitics as a philosophy of expansion?
Nazi Germany
The key to the area according to Mackinder (heartland theory) was ___
whoever rules the heartland rules the world
Mackinder's views led to the development of the US's containment policy and to the establishment of ___
NATO (North Atlantic Trade Org.)
Recent geopolitical theory emphasizes the "deconstruction" of spatial assumptions and territorial perspectives of leading western politicians and analysis of the way their ideas are used to manipulate public opinion. This field of research is called ___
critical geopolitics
Technically supranationalism refers to efforts by ___ or more states to forge associations for common advantage and in pursuit of common goals.
3
Following the disintegration of the former Soviet Union the only surviving superpower was ___
the USA
The League of Nations was created in 1919 as the first international organization that would include all nations of the world. Its success was dealt a serious blow by the failure of which country to join?
USA
One move by the old League of Nations that would have a critical impact in the second half of the twentieth century involved ___
maritime boundaries (water ownership)
Participation in the United Nations serves the purpose of committing states to ___
international standards
The most expensive thing the United Nations has been asked to do is ___
peace-keeping (troops)
The Marshall Plan was a post WWII endeavor by the US to economically revive ___
European countries
What country do members of the European community worry will dominate the entire group?
Germany
Which major European Union nation has not entered the Euro Monetary Zone?
Great Britain
The European Union's future expansion into the Muslim realm by the inclusion of ___is highly controversial and strongly opposed by Greece.
Turkey
According to Alexander Murphy, attachment to region and to the European Union is greater than attachment to the state___
BeNeLux
Note
Flashcard