AP HUGE UNIT 8

Most ___ states gained independence after 1940

African

The Peace of Westphalia did what?

marked the beginning of the modern state system (after a war of religion)

At the global scale, political geographers study the spatial manifestations of political processes expressed in the organization of territories with permanent population, defined territory and a government. These spatial units are called ___

states

The present number of countries and territories in the world is around ___

206

Robert Ardery argued that humans are concerned with ___

collecting and securing territory

Robert Sack's view of human territorial behavior is closely related to the concept of ___

sovereignty

The Peace of Westphalia marked the end of ___

the 30 Years War

The promotion of the acquisition of wealth through plunder, colonization, and the protection of home industries and foreign markets during Europe's rebirth called ___

mercantilism (exports exceed imports)

What ultimately proved to be the undoing of monarchical absolutism and its system of patronage during Europe's rebirth?

the rise of the middle class

The rise of the modern state idea, where territory defined society rather than society defining territory, swept through Europe in the ___

1600s

When not all people within a state identify with the dominant sense of nationality, movements for separation of nation and territory may arise. For example, the ___ in ___

The Basques/Spain; The Kurds/Turkey

Kurdistan and Palestine are examples of a ___

stateless nation

Yugoslavia was a prime example of a ___

multinational state/ European colonialism

The European state idea spread throughout the world through ___

colonialism

One of the most powerful impacts of colonialism was the construction of global order characterized by great differences in ___

economic and political power

The highly uneven distribution of economic and political power that developed from colonialism was due to the concentration of wealth brought to ___

Europe

Wallerstein's views expressed in world systems theory hold that the global integrating force has been ___

capitalism

The emergence of a global capitalistic economy began to develop around about ___

1450

The dominating colonial influence in Libya, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia was ___

Italy

___ is an example of a core country which was never a classical colonial power.

Austria

The boundaries of independent African states were drawn at the Berlin Conference and were essentially drawn ___

arbitrarily by Europeans w/o regard to Africans

What is characteristic of unitary state governments?

One government controls everything (Ohio: all power comes from Columbus)

Nigeria is a state with a federal system of government. This fact is reflected in the adoption of ___ law in the states of the Muslim North.

Shari'a

The movement of power from the central government regional governments is referred to as ___

devolution

Scotland and Wales are to the UK as ___ are to Spain

Galicia and Catalonia

Which country has experienced violent devolution?

Yugoslavia

In 1997, Scotland took a major devolutionary step with the establishment of ___

parliament

The differences in Italy between the northern Po region and the southern Mezzogiorno are attributed to ___

core-periphery processes

Distance, remoteness and marginal location enhance the potential for devolution. This form of devolution is referred to as ___

spatial devolution

The process of adjustment of the number of representatives in the US House of reps to reflect shifts in population patterns is known as ___

reapportionment (electoral geography)

A boundary between countries is a ___

vertical plane that cuts through the rocks below and air above

The boundary between the US and Canada west of the Great Lakes is an example of a ___

geometric boundary

Which is an example of an allocational boundary dispute?

what's below the ground (water, oil, etc.)

Geometric boundaries, totally unrelated to any aspects of the cultural or physical landscape, were made considerable use of by the colonial powers in ___

Africa

Friedrich Ratzel's organic theory identified ___ as a state's essential life-giving source.

Space (territories)

What country used geopolitics as a philosophy of expansion?

Nazi Germany

The key to the area according to Mackinder (heartland theory) was ___

whoever rules the heartland rules the world

Mackinder's views led to the development of the US's containment policy and to the establishment of ___

NATO (North Atlantic Trade Org.)

Recent geopolitical theory emphasizes the "deconstruction" of spatial assumptions and territorial perspectives of leading western politicians and analysis of the way their ideas are used to manipulate public opinion. This field of research is called ___

critical geopolitics

Technically supranationalism refers to efforts by ___ or more states to forge associations for common advantage and in pursuit of common goals.

3

Following the disintegration of the former Soviet Union the only surviving superpower was ___

the USA

The League of Nations was created in 1919 as the first international organization that would include all nations of the world. Its success was dealt a serious blow by the failure of which country to join?

USA

One move by the old League of Nations that would have a critical impact in the second half of the twentieth century involved ___

maritime boundaries (water ownership)

Participation in the United Nations serves the purpose of committing states to ___

international standards

The most expensive thing the United Nations has been asked to do is ___

peace-keeping (troops)

The Marshall Plan was a post WWII endeavor by the US to economically revive ___

European countries

What country do members of the European community worry will dominate the entire group?

Germany

Which major European Union nation has not entered the Euro Monetary Zone?

Great Britain

The European Union's future expansion into the Muslim realm by the inclusion of ___is highly controversial and strongly opposed by Greece.

Turkey

According to Alexander Murphy, attachment to region and to the European Union is greater than attachment to the state___

BeNeLux