health part one zoes

Puberty

Developmental stage with physical changes in bodies.

Female Puberty Changes

Breast growth, wider hips, menstruation begins.

Male Puberty Changes

Voice deepens, shoulders broaden, sperm production starts.

Common Puberty Changes

Height increase, acne, body hair growth.

Hygiene Maintenance

Wash face, hair, and shower regularly.

Role of Pubic Hair

Cushions friction, protects from irritation.

Glans Sensitivity

High concentration of pleasure-sensitive nerve endings.

Scrotum Function

Regulates temperature for optimal sperm production.

Circumcision

Removal of the foreskin from the penis.

Sperm Count

200-500 million sperm per ejaculation.

Testicles Function

Produce sperm and testosterone hormones.

Sperm Production Start

Begins during puberty in males.

Semen vs. Sperm

Semen is fluid; sperm fertilizes the egg.

Epididymis

Nursery for sperm; coiled structure 20ft long.

Vas Deferens Role

Transports sperm from epididymis to glands.

Vasectomy

Procedure preventing sperm from entering semen; can still ejaculate with semen that doesn't contain sperm

Seminal Vesicle Contribution

50-70% of total semen volume.

Prostate Gland Functions

Produces 30-50% semen and expels it.

Ejaculation and Urination

Cannot occur simultaneously due to anatomical closure.

Cowper's Gland Role

Produces pre-cum to neutralize acidity; can create potential pregnancy and sti's

Urethra Functions

Releases urine and semen from the body.

Anus Function

Eliminates feces from the body.

Female Anatomy Exit Strategies

Vaginal opening, urethra, anus for bodily fluids.

Hymen Misconception

Not a reliable indicator of sexual activity; can break on its own

Egg Development

Females are born with all their eggs.

Egg Transport

Eggs move from ovaries to uterus via fallopian tubes with contractions

Menstrual Cramps Source

Caused by contractions of the uterus.

Strongest Female Muscle

Uterus is the strongest muscle.

Cervix Width for Birth

Needs to widen 10 cm for delivery.

Menstruation Definition

Shedding of uterine lining through the vagina.

Menstrual Cycle Definition

Monthly preparation of reproductive organs for pregnancy.

Menstrual Cycle Length

Ranges from 21 to 35 days.

Typical Blood Loss

1-6 tablespoons during menstruation.

Menstrual Cycle Hormones

Controlled by estrogen and progesterone.

Ovulation Timing

Occurs approximately 14 days into the cycle.

Fertilization Window

Egg viable for 24 hours post-ovulation; sperm can live for 11 days

Unfertilized Egg Outcome

Disintegrates if not fertilized, leading to menstruation.

Fertilization Location

Occurs in the fallopian tube.

Implantation Definition

Egg attaches to the endometrium in the uterus after 4-5 days (conception)

Pregnancy Options

Parenting, adoption, or abortion choices available.

California Safe Surrender Law

Allows legal surrender of newborns within 72 hours at a Safe Surrender Site

Pregnancy Symptoms

Missed period, tender breasts, fatigue, nausea.

Trimester Development

Months 1-3: embryo/fetus develops major organs, eyes, ears, and umbilical cord connects

Childbirth Stages Summary

Early labor, active labor, delivery, placenta delivery.

Diff between outer and inner labia

• outer is more symmetrical

Function of clitoral hood

protects gland

Why are there few nerve endings in the vagina?

bc you have to push a baby through it and it has to be very flexible

what does STI stand for

sexually transmitted disease

STI viruses:

HIV, HPV, Herpes, Hepatitis

STI bacteria:

chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphillis

STI Parasite:

Trich., public lice (crabs, scabies)

all but viruses can be:

cured

STI's that have a vaccine?

HPV & Hep B

Which are spread through skin to skin contact?

HPv, Herpes, Syphillis (sores)

Spread through fluid to fluid contact?

HIV, Hep b, gonorrhea, chlamydia

most common symptom of an STI:

burn when pee, itch, redness, bleeding, sores/bumps, pain/discomfort, abnormal discharge, fever like symptoms

what is the most effective way to reduce the risk of an STI

abstinence

other ways to reduce risk:

testing/treament, vaccines, communication, barrier method, urinate before/after sex, don't remove pubic hair, don't share needles

what does HIV stand for

human immunodeficiency virus

what does AIDS stand for

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

what system in the body does HIV attack

immune system - it attacks T-cells

what five fluids can transmit HIV

blood, semen, pre-cum, vaginal fluid, breast milk

three ways HIV can be transmitted:

sexual, sharing needles, childbirth/breastfeeding

what is prEP

pre-exposure prophylaxis: pill to take before sexual interaction or drugs to not get HIV

what is pEP

post exposure prophylaxis: 72 hours after exposure to decrease likelihood of getting HIV

is there stigma around STI's

yes! some get self esteem issues and feel isolated and it can affect their romantic and family relationships

vulva

allof outside female genitalia

mons

fatty tissue that sits above pubic bone and helps protect body

outer labia

outer folds of skin, fatty tissue, and nerve endings, that cover and protect vulva

inner labia

Inner folds of skin, spongy tissue, and nerve endings that cover and protect the openings to the vagina and urethra.

clitoral hood

covers and protects glands of clitoris

clitoris

highly sensitive and made out of erectile tissue that can become erect during arousal

uretha

tube that connects the bladder to the outside of the body

vaginal opening

opening to vaginal canal

hymen

thin layer of skin or pieces of skin that partially cover the opening of the vagina in some females

perineum

area of skin between vulva and anus

anus

opening ot the rectum where feces leaves the body

ovaries

produce estrogen and progesterone, has eggs, matures during puberty starts to release eggs

fallopian tubes

how to egg reaches the uterus, where sperm and eggs meet

uterus

contracts during orgasm and childbirth, where the fetus goes

endometrium

lining the uterus, made of blood and tissue, where fertilized egg plants itself, nourishes fetus

cervix

base of the uterus, cervical opening is usually closed, opens for sperm, blood, and childbirth

vagina

becomes wet during sexual arousal, stretchy passage connecting vulva and uterus,

pubic hair

provides cushion against friction, helping protect the genitals from irritation

penis

tube through which urine and semen exit the body, lined with pleasure-sensitive nerve endings, made of spongy tissue that fills up with blood when aroused

glans

head or tip of penis, lined with pleasure-sensitive nerve endings, most sensitive part of penis

scrotum

holds testicles (where sperm is made), keeps testicles and sperm at good temperature by hanging away and pulling into body, has pleasure sensitive nerve endings

foreskin

covers and protects head of penis, sometimes removed with circumcision, pleasure sens. nerve endings, kept clean by washing around and under

testicle

produces sperm, testosterone, sperm need lower than body temp

epididymis

work as "nursery" that hold sperm until mature, has coil 20 ft long

vas deferens

carries sperm from epididymis to urethra, cut or blocked in vasectomy,

seminal vesticle

produces 50-70% of semen, the milky white fluid sperm swim in

prostate gland

produces 30-50% of semen, helps expel semen during ejaculation, some males enjoy sexual stimulation of the prostate