Civics Unit 4 Guided Reading Flashcards

22nd Amendment

Limits the president to two terms

Presidential Succession

Establishes the order of who becomes president if the office is vacant

25th Amendment

Deals with presidential disability and succession

Balance the Ticket

A strategy where a presidential candidate chooses a running mate to attract more voters

First Lady

The wife of the president, often involved in social or political work

Executive Orders

Rules from the president that have the force of law

Executive Privilege

The president's power to withhold information from Congress or the courts

Recess Appointments

The president can fill positions while the Senate is not in session

Reprieve

A delay in punishment

Pardon

Forgiveness of a crime

Commutation

Reduces the sentence for a crime

Amnesty

A pardon for a group of people

Veto

The president rejects a bill passed by Congress

Pocket Veto

The president ignores a bill and it dies after 10 days if Congress is not in session

Treaty

A formal agreement between countries, needs Senate approval

Executive Agreement

An informal agreement between leaders, no Senate approval needed

Power of Recognition

The president officially acknowledges foreign governments

Persona non grata

Declaring a foreign diplomat unwelcome

Bureaucracy

A system of many departments and agencies in the government

Executive Office of the President

The president’s main support team (advisors, staff)

Federal Budget

A plan for government spending and income

Fiscal Year

A 12-month accounting period, Oct 1 – Sept 30 for the U.S. government

Pendleton Act

Created a merit-based system for hiring federal workers

Draft

Mandatory military service selection

Foreign Policy

How the U.S. deals with other countries

Domestic Affairs

Issues and policies within the U.S.

Secretary of State

Head of the State Department, handles foreign affairs

Joint Chiefs of Staff

Top military leaders who advise the president

Difference between Chief of State and Chief Executive

Chief of State: Ceremonial leader. Chief Executive: Enforces laws.

Three qualifications to be president

35 years old; Natural-born U.S. citizen; Lived in U.S. for 14 years

22nd Amendment - one good and one bad reason

Good: Limits power. Bad: Limits voter choice.

First five in presidential line of succession

1. Vice President 2. Speaker of the House 3. President Pro Tempore 4. Secretary of State 5. Secretary of the Treasury

Two presidents who didn't follow Whig Theory

Andrew Jackson: Used veto often; Abraham Lincoln: Used war powers

Five reasons for expansion of presidential power

1. Single leader 2. National emergencies 3. Media influence 4. Public demand 5. Bigger government

Veto vs. Line-item Veto

Veto: Reject whole bill; Line-item veto: Reject parts (not allowed anymore)

Treaty vs. Executive Agreement

Treaty: Senate must approve; Executive Agreement: No Senate approval

Examples of undeclared wars

1. Korea 2. Vietnam 3. Libya 4. Iraq (airstrikes)

War Powers Resolution limits

Must notify Congress in 48 hours; 60-day limit; Congress can remove troops

Two key parts of executive branch

Executive Office of the President; Cabinet departments

Largest part of Executive Office and its task

Office of Management and Budget (OMB); Prepares budget