Translation Theory Study Guide

A set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards based on key concepts and details from a lecture on translation theory.

Translation is rendering a written text into another language in the way that the …….intended the text.

author

Translators are concerned with the __.

written word

According to Peter Newmark, a text is pulled in __________ different directions during the translation process.

ten

The of the text represents the SL writer's attitude to the subject matter.

intention

Following Nida, there are types of text styles distinguished in translation.

4

The ____ ______ theory of translation by Catford and Nida focuses on finding the equivalence of meaning, grammar, and content.

linguistic

The ________ School of Translation points out the power of translation.

manipulation

Translation theory, in a narrow sense, is concerned with the translation ____ ______ appropriately used for a certain type of text.

method

The first step of translation theory is to identify and define a translation ____.

problem

The translation theory by ________ focuses on culture and context during the translation process.

Peter Newmark

In pre-translation considerations, understanding the text requires both __ ____ and close reading.

general

The quality of writing has to be judged in relation to the author's _____and the requirements of the subject matter.

intention

There are _____approaches to translating according to the text.

2

When translating, we translate with __________ levels in mind.

4

The __________ level is where you transpose the SL grammar into their 'ready' TL equivalents.

textual

The level of _________ is where you ensure that your translation makes sense and reads naturally.

naturalness

The ___ ______ level follows both the structure and the moods of the text.

cohesive

The ____ ______ level is the factual level where you ask what is actually happening in the text.

referential

The unit of translation can vary, but normally you translate ____ by ____.

sentence, sentence

In each sentence, it is the _____and what happens to it that you sort out first.

object

SL stands for ______ language.

source

TL stands for ______language.

target

The ________ of the readership helps you decide on the degree of formality in your translation.

level of education

A badly written text will be cluttered with __________ phrases.

stereotyped

The __________ School does not pay attention to source texts and focuses on what we do with translation.

functionalist

The _________ Theories forget source texts and regard translation as the second original.

deconstructionist

Usually, the translator's intention is _________ with that of the author of the SL text.

identical

The danger of translating sentence by sentence without reading the whole text first is that it may leave you with too much __________ to do on the early part.

revision

When the writing is abstract or figurative, you have to ask yourself: " ____ ______ is actually happening here?"

What

The cohesive level uses __________words to link sentences, usually proceeding from known information to new information.

connective

In a text, the theme represents _________ information while the rheme represents ___ information.

known, new

The ___________are the conventional grammatical and lexical usage of a type of text, depending on the topic and situation.

SL norms

Content items referring specifically to the SL culture are part of the ____ _____ aspect of translation.

SL culture

In a narrative text style, the emphasis is on the ________.

verbs

In a descriptive text style, the emphasis is on ________ verbs and adjectives.

linking

In a discussion text style, the emphasis is on ________ nouns and verbs of thought.

abstracts

In a dialogue text style, the emphasis is on _________ and phaticisms.

colloquialisms

The expectations of the putative readership should be considered in terms of the __________ common factor.

largest

The __________ truth refers to what is being described or reported, ascertained or verified.

referential

The translator's "group loyalty factor" may reflect the national, political, ethnic, religious, social class, or _________ assumptions.

sex

When translating, you should not translate __________ or __________ to the readership.

down, up

The level of ____________ensures that your translation is written in ordinary language, common grammar, and appropriate idioms.

naturalness

When you temporarily disengage yourself from the SL text, you can better ensure that your translation __________ naturally.

reads

Translating is preeminently the occupation in which you have to be thinking of __________ things at the same time.

several

Below the sentence level, you go to __________, both finite and non-finite.

clause

Within the clause, you may take next the two obviously cohesive types of collocations: _________ or ____.

adjective-plus-noun, verb-plus-object

The _________ level is the level of the literal translation that you have to eliminate.

text

A __________syntax will reflect subtlety, while a plain syntax will reflect simplicity.

complex

The ____ level acts as corrective of paraphrase and the parer-down of synonyms.

textual