Restrictive and Obstructive Lung Disease - Fill in the Blank Flashcards

A set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering obstructive vs restrictive lung disease, COPD pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and management based on the provided lecture notes.

COPD is characterized by persistent airflow __.

obstruction

The main subtypes of COPD are emphysema and __.

chronic bronchitis

Emphysema presents with a barrel chest and use of accessory __ to breathe.

muscles

Pursed-lip breathing provides positive expiratory pressure that helps keep airways open to exhale __.

easier

Tripod position helps the diaphragm move down to increase chest volume and increases expiration of __.

carbon dioxide

Diagnosis of COPD requires spirometry to confirm __.

airflow limitation

FEV1 is usually __ in COPD.

low

Airway obstruction is defined when FEV1/FVC is less than __.

70%

Total lung capacity is typically __ in COPD due to air trapping.

increased

Non-pharmacological management includes cessation of smoking and __ rehabilitation.

pulmonary rehabilitation

Pulmonary rehabilitation lasts 6-8 weeks and improves shortness of breath, fatigue, and decreases hospitalisation and improve __.

quality of life

Asbestosis is a form of __ lung disease caused by asbestos exposure.

restrictive

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic factor in COPD; it results in a deficiency of AAT that protects the __.

lungs

Chronic bronchitis is diagnosed by a chronic productive cough for __ months over two consecutive years.

3

Emphysema involves destruction of alveolar walls causing a severe reduction of surface area for gas __.

exchange

Chronic bronchitis often shows minimal __.

cyanosis

Barrel chest is a classic sign seen in advanced __.

emphysema

Testing with and without a __ (e.g., salbutamol) helps distinguish COPD from asthma.

bronchodilator

Age over __ is a risk factor for COPD.

65

Second-hand __ is a risk factor for COPD.

smoking