Ancient Egyptian Art Chapters 1&2

Kneeling Bull Holding Spouted Vessel ca. 3000 BCE

Cylinder Seal with Priest-King from Uruk

Warka Vase Sumerian 3300 - 3000 BCE

Warka Head, Uruk Period

cone mosaic from Warka /Uruk 3300-3000 BCE

Bevel-rim bowls

small undecorated vessels made of coarse clay that are ubiquitous on Uruk-period sites

bitumen

a black sticky substance obtained from oil, used for covering roads or roofs

canal

an artificial waterway

cone mosaic

small clay cones which, pointed end first, have been pressed tightly together into a wall coated with a thick layer of wet plaster.

cuneiform

A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables.

cylinder seal

a round piece of carved stone that when rolled onto clay produces an image

eponymous

referring to the name of a person, a mythical being, or a literary figure associated with something, or to a word incorporating the name of such a person such as Achilles is the eponym of the Achilles tendon

glyptic

is a mark or sign with specific meaning

lapis lazuli

a semiprecious blue stone

rebus

PUZZLE IN WHICH PICTURES OR SYMBOLS REPRESENT WORDS

What is the purpose of stamper seals ?

Stamp seals were used in antiquity as marks of ownership and badges of status.

What is the purpose of cylinder seals

Cylinder seals were employed in marking personal property and in making documents legally binding.

Intaligo

a design incised or engraved into a material.

Semiotics

deriving meaning from patterns or signs

tel

end, completion

Ziggurat

massive pyramidal stepped tower made of mudbricks.

Euphrates River

A river in southwestern Asia that flows through the southern part of the Fertile Crescent.

Persian Gulf (Arabian Gulf)

Body of Water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran

Tigris River

River that flows across a low, flat plain in Iraq and joins the Euphrates River

Taurus Mountains

A Mountain range in southern Turkey

Zakros/Zagros Mountains

Mountains bordering the eastern boundary of Ancient Mesopotamia

Eridu ( God Enki)

the first city ever (how it was described in stories and chronicles), Eridu was once a marshland, but it dried up leaving remains in the dry desert

Described as the home to god where god can come down and visit their temples, God in Eridu is named Enki and was symbolized by a fish

First occupied about 5400 BCE and abandoned by 600 BCE

Susa

modern city of Sushan and is by the Kuran river in Khuzistan

At the highest point of the tell, the acropolis with a complex of temples, below the acropolis, a cemetery and trash heap

Samarra

Where: present-day Iraq; What: where the largest mosque at the time was built; When: the mosques was built from 848 to 852

Uruk (Warka)

large city, 60,000, they had a good agricultural as well as irrigation, they had sewage pipes

Neolithic (New Stone Age)

The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E

Ubaid

6500-3800

Uruk/Warka

4000-3000

Jemdet Nasr Period

4000-3000 BCE

Herodotus

Greek Historian, considered the father of History.

Gilgamesh

hero of Mesopotamian epic poem

Pu-abi

Queen of Ur (2500 BCE)

Inanna/Ishtar

Iruk goddess of love and war

Demuzi/Demussi

Ishtar's Lover

Enki

Eridu god of water

Enlil/Anu

Sky God of Nippur

Nin/Nan

Ur Moon God

Ninhursag

( In Tell al Ubaid )Earth and mother goddess

Ningirsu

( In langash , a warrior , son of Ninhursag)

Anzu Bird/Imdugud

Lion Headed Eagle Storm God

Kish

an early city-state in Mesopotamia

Lagash

Located in the Fertile Crescent; in between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers; east of Akkad and Babylon, northeast of Uruk, north of Ur

Mari

Mari was an ancient Semitic city-state in modern-day Syria

Nippur

Nippur was an ancient Sumerian city. It was the special seat of the worship of the Sumerian god Enlil, the "Lord Wind", ruler of the cosmos,

Tell al Ubaid

relatively small tell (settlement mound) west of nearby Ur in southern Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate.

Standing Figures from Tell Asmar ( Eshunna) 2700 BCE

Ebih-il of Mari 2400 BCE

Copper Relief from the temple Ninhursag 2600-2400 BCE

Steele of Eannatum ( Sumerian Dynastic Period ) 2600 BCE

Macehead of Meslim ( Sumerian Dynastic Period) 2500 BCE

Queen's Lyre 2500 BCE

Queen Puabi's Headdress 2500 BCE

An ancient crown found in tombs of Ur.

Goat Leaning Against a Tree ( Ram in a Thicket) 2500 BCE

Standard of Ur 2500 BCE

United Kingdom

Egypt

Afghanistan

Iran/Persia

Iraq

Libya

Saudi Arabia

Sudan

Syria

Turkey

Seal of the Ibru Sharrum: scribe of King Shar 2300-2100 BCE

Sargon or Sharu king

One True King

Pantheon

means many gods

GREENSTONE CYLINDRICAL SEAL OF ACDA WITH ENID

Unknown god with bow Ishtar (rain) Shamash (sun) Enki ( water and fish)

Sargon of Akkad

(2334 - 2279 BCE) was the king of the Akkadian Empire of Mesopotamia, the first multi-national empire in history Made of Bronze

Disk of Enheduanna, daughter of Sargon

disk that is impressed but it is carved in stone and shows where cylindrical seal was used Placing something on the ziggurat Hymns and poems of her were part of school lessons for centuries after

SARGON STELE FROM SUSA 12th century BCE

CARRIED OFF AS WAR TROPHY TO THE CITY OF SUSA SIMILAR TO STELE OF EANNATUM

Nasiriyah Stele:

translucent alabaster

STELE OF NARAM SIN

found at susa, guy on top is the ruler due to his size By putting horns on his head he is a god Relationship between king and gods is that they are friends

THE BASSETSI BRONZE

solid bronze, “shaft in the center” has inscription called great rebellion

Head of a Ruler