Posterior and Anterior Triangles of Neck

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14 Terms

1
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Sternocleidomastoid

Origin

Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

Insertion
Sternal Head:
anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
Clavicular Head:
superior medial clavicle

Peripheral Innervation

N/A

Segmental Innervation

Spinal Accessory N. (CN XI, motor), C3 and C4 nerves (pain and proprioception)

Action

Unilateral Contraction: ipsilateral side bend, contralateral rotation of cervical spine

Bilateral Contraction:
(1) extends head at atlanto-occipital joints
(2) lower cervical flexion
(3) extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vert. so chin is thrust forward w/ head kept level

<p><strong>Origin</strong></p><p><span>Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line</span></p><p><strong>Insertion</strong><span><strong><br>Sternal Head: </strong>anterior surface of manubrium of sternum<strong><br>Clavicular Head:</strong> superior medial clavicle</span></p><p><strong>Peripheral Innervation</strong></p><p><span>N/A</span></p><p><strong>Segmental Innervation</strong></p><p><span>Spinal Accessory N. (CN XI, motor), C3 and C4 nerves (pain and proprioception)</span></p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><p><span><em>Unilateral Contraction:</em> ipsilateral side bend, contralateral rotation of cervical spine<br><br><em>Bilateral Contraction: </em><br>(1) extends head at atlanto-occipital joints<br>(2) lower cervical flexion<br>(3) extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vert. so chin is thrust forward w/ head kept level</span></p>
2
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Trapezius

Origin

Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12

Insertion

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Peripheral Innervation

N/A

Segmental Innervation

Spinal Accessory N. (CN XI; motor) C3 and C4 nerves (pain and proprioception

Action

Upper trapezius: scapular elevation; Lower trapezius: scapular depression; Middle trapezius: scapular retraction; Upper and Lower together: part of force couple that upwardly rotates scapula

<p><strong>Origin</strong></p><p><span>Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12</span></p><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><p><span>Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula</span></p><p><strong>Peripheral Innervation</strong></p><p><span>N/A</span></p><p><strong>Segmental Innervation</strong></p><p><span>Spinal Accessory N. (CN XI; motor) C3 and C4 nerves (pain and proprioception</span></p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><p><span>Upper trapezius: scapular elevation; Lower trapezius: scapular depression; Middle trapezius: scapular retraction; Upper and Lower together: part of force couple that upwardly rotates scapula</span></p>
3
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Levator Scapulae

Origin

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4

Insertion

Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine

Peripheral Innervation

Dorsal Scapular

Segmental Innervation

C5 and cervical spinal nerves C3 and C4

Action

Scapular elevation and downward rotation

<p><strong>Origin</strong></p><p><span>Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4</span></p><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><p><span>Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine</span></p><p><strong>Peripheral Innervation</strong></p><p><span>Dorsal Scapular</span></p><p><strong>Segmental Innervation</strong></p><p><span>C5 and cervical spinal nerves C3 and C4</span></p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><p><span>Scapular elevation and downward rotation</span></p>
4
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Scalenus Anterior

Origin

Transverse processes of C3-C6

Insertion

1st rib

Peripheral Innervation

Cervical spinal nerves C4-C6 (cervical VPR)

Segmental Innervation

Cervical spinal nerves C4-C6 (cervical VPR)

Action

Cervical flexion; elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration

<p><strong>Origin</strong></p><p><span>Transverse processes of C3-C6</span></p><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><p><span>1st rib</span></p><p><strong>Peripheral Innervation</strong></p><p>Cervical spinal nerves C4-C6 (cervical VPR)</p><p><strong>Segmental Innervation</strong></p><p>Cervical spinal nerves C4-C6 (cervical VPR)</p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><p><span>Cervical flexion; elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration</span></p>
5
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Scalenus Medius

Origin

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5-C7

Insertion

Superior surface of 1st rib; posterior to groove for subclavian artery

Peripheral Innervation

Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves (Cervical VPR)

Segmental Innervation

Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves (Cervical VPR)

Action

Cervical lateral flexion; elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration

<p><strong>Origin</strong></p><p>Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5-C7 </p><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><p><span>Superior surface of 1st rib; posterior to groove for subclavian artery</span></p><p><strong>Peripheral Innervation</strong></p><p>Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves (Cervical VPR)</p><p><strong>Segmental Innervation</strong></p><p>Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves (Cervical VPR)	</p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><p>Cervical lateral flexion; elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration</p>
6
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Scalenus Posterior

Origin

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5-C7

Insertion

External border of 2nd rib

Peripheral Innervation

Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8 (Cervical VPR)

Segmental Innervation

Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8 (Cervical VPR)

Action

Cervical lateral flexion; elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration

<p><strong>Origin</strong></p><p>Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5-C7 </p><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><p><span>External border of 2nd rib</span></p><p><strong>Peripheral Innervation</strong></p><p>Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8 (Cervical VPR)</p><p><strong>Segmental Innervation</strong></p><p>Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8 (Cervical VPR)</p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><p>Cervical lateral flexion; elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration</p>
7
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Digastric (anterior/posterior belly, and intermediate tendon)

Peripheral Innervation

Nerve to mylohyoid a branch of inferior alveolar nerve

Digastric (preparotid) branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

Segmental Innervation

Nerve to mylohyoid a branch of inferior alveolar nerve

Digastric (preparotid) branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

Action

Fixate and elevate hyoid

<p><strong>Peripheral Innervation</strong></p><p>Nerve to mylohyoid a branch of inferior alveolar nerve</p><p>Digastric (preparotid) branch of facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><strong>Segmental Innervation</strong></p><p>Nerve to mylohyoid a branch of inferior alveolar nerve</p><p>Digastric (preparotid) branch of facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><p>Fixate and elevate hyoid</p>
8
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Stylohyoid

Peripheral Innervation

Sylohyoid (preparotid) branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

Segmental Innervation

Sylohyoid (preparotid) branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

Action

Fixate and elevate hyoid

<p><strong>Peripheral Innervation</strong></p><p>Sylohyoid (preparotid) branch of facial nerve (CN VII)	</p><p><strong>Segmental Innervation</strong></p><p>Sylohyoid (preparotid) branch of facial nerve (CN VII)	</p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><p>Fixate and elevate hyoid</p>
9
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Mylohyoid

Peripheral Innervation

Nerve to mylohoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve(from mandicular nerve CN V3)

Segmental Innervation

Nerve to mylohoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve(from mandicular nerve CN V3)

Action

Fixate and elevate hyoid

<p><strong>Peripheral Innervation</strong></p><p>Nerve to mylohoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve(from mandicular nerve CN V3)	</p><p><strong>Segmental Innervation</strong></p><p>Nerve to mylohoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve(from mandicular nerve CN V3)	</p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><p>Fixate and elevate hyoid</p>
10
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Geniohyoid

Peripheral Innervation

C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and nerve to geniohyoid

Segmental Innervation

C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and nerve to geniohyoid

Action

Fixate and elevate hyoid

<p><strong>Peripheral Innervation</strong></p><p>C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and nerve to geniohyoid	</p><p><strong>Segmental Innervation</strong></p><p>C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and nerve to geniohyoid	</p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><p>Fixate and elevate hyoid</p>
11
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Sternohyoid

Peripheral Innervation

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis

Segmental Innervation

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis

Action

Fixate/depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage

<p><strong>Peripheral Innervation</strong></p><p>C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis</p><p><strong>Segmental Innervation</strong></p><p>C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis</p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><p>Fixate/depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage</p>
12
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Omohyoid (superior and inferior belly)

Peripheral Innervation

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis

Segmental Innervation

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis

Action

Fixate/depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage

<p><strong>Peripheral Innervation</strong></p><p>C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis	</p><p><strong>Segmental Innervation</strong></p><p>C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis	</p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><p>Fixate/depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage</p>
13
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Sternothyroid

Peripheral Innervation

C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis

Segmental Innervation

C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis

Action

Fixate/depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage

<p><strong>Peripheral Innervation</strong></p><p>C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis 	</p><p><strong>Segmental Innervation</strong></p><p>C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervialis 	</p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><p>Fixate/depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage</p>
14
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Thyrohyoid

Peripheral Innervation

C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and nerve to thyrohyoid

Segmental Innervation

C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and nerve to thyrohyoid

Action

Fixate/depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage

<p><strong>Peripheral Innervation</strong></p><p>C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and nerve to thyrohyoid 	</p><p><strong>Segmental Innervation</strong></p><p>C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and nerve to thyrohyoid 	</p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><p>Fixate/depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage</p>