AP Statistics Unit 1: Exploring Data

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Statistics

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33 Terms

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Distribution

The values a variable takes on and how often it takes on those values

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Variable

A recorded characteristic of an individual

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Categorical Variable

When we place an individual into categories or groups

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Frequency

How many times a variable is recorded (counts)

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Relative Frequency

How many times a variable is recorded (%)

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Pie Chart

Relative frequency compared to a whole

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Bar Chart

Rectangular bars that don't touch

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Segmented Bar Chart

Useful when comparing two groups

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Shape

Describes how the data looks on a graph

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Symmetric

The values on either side of the mean or median are roughly equal. (Mean = Median)

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Skewed Left

The left tail of the graph is longer than the right (Mean<Median)

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Skewed Right

The right tail of the graph is longer than the left (Mean>Median)

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Uniform

Shows up as a straight horizontal line on a graph where are outcomes are equally likely

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Unimodal

Has one peak

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Bimodal

Has two peaks

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Multimodal

Has multiple peaks

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Quantitative Variable

A variable where the data represents numerical amounts

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Common graphs

: dot plot, box plot, stem plot, histogram

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Unusual Points

Points that are unusually small or large compared to the whole group

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Mean

The average

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Median

Halfway point

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Spread

The difference from the lowest score in the distribution to the highest score.

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Interquartile Range

Represents the middle 50% of the data

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Standard Deviation

Average distance from the mean

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Range

Maximum - minimum

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Comparing distributions

Higher, lower, similar (comparing words)

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5-Number Summary

Min, Q1, Median, Q3, Max

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Standard Deviation

A common measure of spread (Always positive, average distance from the mean)

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Percentile

The percent of observations at or below a value

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Quartile 1

The bottom 25% of the data

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Quartile 3

The value where 75% of data points are found equal to or below when arranged in an increasing order

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Median equation

(n+1)/2

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IQR

Q3-Q1