bacillus anthracis and other bacilli

Bacillus anthracis (Taxonomy)

Bacillus ; species : bacillus anthracis

Morphology (Anthracis)

Gram + rods

Chains + medusa head colonies

Aerobic + spore forming

Capsule + alpha hemolytic

No flagella (non motile)

Virulence factors (anthracis)

Poly d glutamate capsule

Protection factor (PF) : Entry

Edema factor (EF) : swelling

Lethal factor (LF) : destroys

Plasmid Pxo1 : for axnthrax toxins

Pxo2 : for Capsule

Diseases (anthrax)

Cutaneous anthrax (black eschars lesions)

Woolsorters diease (inhalation anthrax affects lymph nodes)

Gastrointestinal and oropharynheal (by contaminated meat, oropharyngeal causes ulcers with pseudomembrane)

Micriobiological diagnosis (anthracis)

Gram stain

Alpha hemolysis

Capsule stain

Treatment (anthracis)

Ciprofloxacin

Prevention (anthracis)

Animal vaccines

Human vaccines

Bacillus cereus (taxonomy) + morphology

Gram + rod

Arranged in chains

Aerobic + spore forming

NO capsule

Beta hemolytic

Motile

Virulence factors

Emetic toxin (vomitting)

Enterotoxin (diarrhea)

Diseases

Food poisoning

Emetic : after 1-6 hour incubation

Enterotoxin : after 10-24 hour

Microbiological diagnosis

Food culture : greater than 10^5 /g of food

Medical history

Treatment

Fluids + support

Prevention

Proper food handling + storage