behavior in org 1-4

Organizational Behavior is the study of human behavior in __________ settings, the interface between __________ __________ and the organization, and the organization itself.

organizational; human behavior

an example of OB is a __________ __________ why a high-performing team suddenly has a high turnover after a new policy is introduced

manager studying

an example of OB is a manager studying why a ___-_______ __________ suddenly has a high turnover after a new policy is introduced

high-performing team

OB applies to any __________ __________ where people interact within formal systems

structured workplace

OB does NOT apply to __________ __________ __________ or purely technical settings with ___ __________ __________

informal social groups; no human interaction

Scientific Management focuses on maximizing __________ through careful study of work methods and standardization.

productivity

__________ __________ focuses on maximizing productivity through careful study of work methods and standardization.

scientific management

example of scientific management: early 20th-century __________ __________ __________ where every motion of a worker was timed and standardized

factory assembly lines

example of __________ __________: early 20th-century factory assembly lines where every motion of a worker was timed and standardized

scientific management

scientific management applies to __________-__________, __________ manufacturing or logistic operations

high-volume, repetitive

scientific management does NOT apply to __________ __________ or service jobs requiring __________

knowledge work; autonomy

scientific method with vs without jobs: __________ __________ vs __________ __________

warehouse packing vs software development

scientific management __________ __________ but often created monotonous, dehumanizing conditions

maximized output

scientific management maximized output but often created __________, __________ conditions

monotonous, dehumanizing

The Human Relations Movement emphasized the importance of __________ and __________ factors and employee feelings in the workplace.

social and human

The __________ __________ __________ emphasized the importance of social and human factors and employee feelings in the workplace.

human relations movement

The Hawthorne Effect is the tendency for people to change their behavior when they know they are being __________.

watched

The __________ __________ is the tendency for people to change their behavior when they know they are being watched.

hawthorne effect

The human relations movement shifted management toward more __________-__________ __________

employee centered approaches

the __________ __________ __________ shifted management toward more employee-centered approaches

human relations movement

the human relations movement would be found in companies that emphasize __________ __________ and __________ __________ programs

team building and employee recognition

HRM with vs without: __________ __________ vs __________ __________ __________

service industries vs highly automated environments

the universal approach assumes there is __________ __________ __________ to __________

one best way to manage

the __________ __________ assumes there is one best way to manage

universal approach

example of universal vs situational approach: a leader who uses a __________ style with new hires, but a __________ style with experienced teams

directive; participative

example of universal vs situational approach: a leader who uses a directive style with __________ __________, but a participative style with __________ __________

new hires; experienced teams

The situational approach recognizes that the best response depends on the __________ __________ of the __________

specific elements of the situation

The __________ __________ recognizes that the best response depends on the specific elements of the situation

situational approach

universal vs situational approaches applies to almost all __________ __________ __________

modern management decisions

universal vs situational approaches do NOT apply to __________ __________ __________

highly regulated environments

__________ __________ __________ is voluntary behaviors that go beyond formal job requirements

organizational citizenship behavior

organizational citizenship behavior is __________ __________ that go beyond formal job requirements

voluntary behaviors

example of organizational citizenship behavior is an employee who __________ __________ to __________ a __________

stays late to help a colleague

OCB does NOT apply to __________ __________ environments where extra effort is not expected nor rewarded

strictly transactional

OCB would NOT be encouraged for __________ __________ __________, nuclear power plant operators, and air traffic controllers

assembly line workers

Performing OCB where it should NOT be could __________ __________ or __________

violate safety or regulations

__________ __________ are behaviors that detract from organizational performance

dysfunctional behaviors

examples of dysfunctional behaviors are an employee who __________, __________, and always __________ ____ __________

gossips, steals, calls in sick

scientific method in OB: __________, __________, __________, __________

theory, hypotheses, data, verification

example of scientific method: testing whether a new __________ __________ reduces __________

wellness program reduces absenteeism

Surface-level diversity refers to differences that are __________ __________, such as race, age, or physical ability.

easily observed

__________-__________ __________ refers to differences that are easily observed, such as race, age, or physical ability.

surface-level diversity

Deep-level diversity refers to differences in __________, __________, and __________ that become apparent only through interaction.

attitudes, values, and personality

__________-__________ __________ refers to differences in attitudes, values, and personality that become apparent only through interaction.

deep-level diversity

Separation diversity occurs when there are differences in ________ or ________ on a particular issue.

values or opinions

________ ________ occurs when there are differences in values or opinions on a particular issue.

separation diversity

Variety diversity occurs when team members bring different types of __________ or __________.

knowledge or expertise

__________ __________ occurs when team members bring different types of knowledge or expertise.

variety diversity

Disparity diversity occurs when there are differences in __________ or __________ among group members.

status or resources

__________ __________ occurs when there are differences in status or resources among group members.

disparity diversity

diversity is important for __________ __________

multinational corporations

reverse mentoring pairs junior employees with senior ones to __________ __________ __________.

transfer technical skills

__________ __________ pairs junior employees with senior ones to transfer technical skills.

reverse mentoring

reverse mentoring applys to __________ __________

technology firms

reverse mentoring would NOT apply to a __________ __________ __________ that refuses upward teaching

strictly hierarchical organization

__________ __________ is when multiple generations work on the same project and bring different work styles

generational diversity

Generational diversity is when multiple generations work on the __________ __________ and bring __________ __________ __________

same project; different work styles

Generational diversity would NOT apply to a company that hires from __________ __________ __________

one age group

age diversity may result in younger managers __________ older workers

supervising

__________ __________ may result in younger managers supervising older workers

age diversity

globalization is the __________ of __________ __________ and the shift toward an integrated global economy

internationalization of business activities

__________ is the internationalization of business activities and the shift toward an integrated global economy

globalization

globalization is the internationalization of business activities and the shift toward an __________ __________ __________

integrated global economy

cultural competence is the ability to __________ __________ with people of different cultures

interact effectively

__________ __________ is the ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures

cultural competence

cultural competence includes __________, __________, and __________

awareness attitude and knowledge

Geert Hofstede researched how attitudes and behaviors __________ __________ because of values and beliefs characterize countries

differ significantly

Hofstede's individualism: people define themselves mainly as __________

individuals

Hofstede's __________: people define themselves mainly as individuals

individualism

Hofstede's __________: people base their identiy on the group or organization

collectivism

Hofstede's collectivism: people base their identity on the __________ or __________

group or organization

Hofstede's power distance: the degree to which people accept __________ __________ __________ as normal

unequal power distribution

Hofstede's __________ __________: the degree to which people accept unequal power distribution as normal

power distance

Hofstede's uncertainty avoidance: extent to which people feel threated by __________ and prefer clear, __________ __________

ambiguity; structured situations

Hofstede's __________ __________: extent to which people feel threated by ambiguity and prefer clear, structured situations

uncertainty avoidance

Hofstede's masculinity: values __________, __________, and material __________

aggressiveness, money, success

Hofstede's __________: values aggresiveness, money, and material success

masculinity

Hofstede's __________: values relationships, people, and quality of life

femininity

Hofstede's femininity: values __________, __________, and __________ of life

relationships, people, quality

Hofstede's __________ __________ __________: focus on future, persistence, and project payoff

long term values

Hofstede's long term values: focus on __________, __________, and project __________

future, persistence, payoff

Hofstede's __________ __________ __________: focus on the past, traditions, and social obligtions

short term values

Hofstede's short term values: focus on the __________, __________, and social __________

past traditions obligations

global perspective is the openness to learning from __________ __________ __________ and __________

others cultures systems and meanings

__________ __________ is the openness to learning from others cultures systems and meanings

global perspective

a __________ __________ transforms resources into an intangible output that creates time or place utility for customers

service organization

a service organization transforms resources into an __________ __________ that creates __________ or __________ __________ for customers

intangible output; time or place utility

technology is the basis of __________ for some firms

competition

__________ is the basis of competition for some firms

technology

IT and social media advantages: leaner, more __________ __________ with better __________

flexible organizations; collaboration

IT and social media disadvantages: less __________ __________ and reduced __________

personal communication; downtime

corporate governance is the __________ of a public corporation by its __________ of __________

oversight; board of directors

__________ __________ is the oversight of a public corporation by its board of directors

corporate governance

__________ is the practice of hiring other firms to do work previously performed by the organization itself

outsourcing

outsourcing is the practice of hiring other firms to do work __________ __________ by the organization itself

previously performed

outsourcing would be useful for __________ and __________

retailers and manufacturers

a psychological contract is an __________ __________ between employees and the organization

unwritten agreement