Bio 006 - Non-Vascular Plants & Seedless Vascular Plants (Mosses & Ferns)

Vascular Plants

Plants that have vascular tissue: xylem & phloem, which transfer water and nutrients through the plant.

Non-Vascular Plants

Plants that do not have vascular tissue and do not use this system.

Xylem

Vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Phloem

Vascular tissue that transports sugars and nutrients produced by photosynthesis throughout the plant.

Haploid

A cell with one set of chromosomes, represented as 1n.

Diploid

A cell with two sets of chromosomes, represented as 2n.

Mitosis

Typical cell division where 1 cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells, can be haploid or diploid.

Meiosis

Cell division that prepares for sexual reproduction, where 1 diploid cell divides into 4 non-identical haploid daughter cells.

Gametophyte

The haploid phase of plants that produces gametes.

Gametes

Haploid sex cells, including sperm and eggs.

Archegonium

The part of a gametophyte where eggs are formed.

Antheridium

The part of a gametophyte where sperm are formed.

Syngamy

The process where egg and sperm come together to form a diploid sporophyte.

Sporophyte

The diploid phase of plants that produces spores.

Sporangium

The part of the sporophyte where spores are formed.

Spores

Haploid cells produced by meiosis that divide by mitosis to form gametophytes.

Example of Non-Vascular Plant

Mosses.

Example of Seedless Vascular Plant

Ferns.

Carbon Quiz

An assessment related to carbon, with a due date mentioned as tomorrow.

Plant Evolution

The process by which plants have developed and diversified from photosynthetic protists to lower plants.

Alternation of Generations

The life cycle of plants that alternates between haploid and diploid phases.

Lower Plants

Plants that are less complex and include non-vascular and seedless vascular plants.

True Stems, Roots, and Leaves

Structures that vascular plants possess, which non-vascular plants do not.

Human Cells

Diploid cells that contain a set of chromosomes from each parent.

Human Sex Cells

Haploid cells, specifically sperm and eggs.

Sporophyll

a leaf that has sporangia

Syngamy

fusion of gametes (i.e. egg and sperm); fertilization. Forms zygote

Zygote

result of syngamy, a diploid cell that becomes the sporophyte

Sexual Reproduction

new organism through meiosis and syngamy (sperm + egg)

Asexual Reproduction

new cells or organism usually through mitosis (no sperm + egg)

Alternation of generations

how the life cycle of plants and algae works! Alternate between gametophyte sexual phase and sporophyte asexual phase.

Protonema

the 'immature' or pre-gametophyte, looks like little buds

Sori / Sorus

cluster of sporangia, produces spores, found underside pinnules

Indusium

covers sori, light spot

Prothallus

gametophyte of fern, heart-shaped!

Rhizoids

little roots

Antheridia

male reproductive structure that produces sperm

Archegonia

female reproductive structure that produces eggs

Frond

the leaf of a fern

Pinna

a primary division of a fern frond

Pinnule

a secondary division of a pinna

Mnium

a species of moss in the phylum Bryophyta

Monilophyta

the phylum that includes ferns and their relatives

Bryophyta

the phylum that includes mosses

Eukarya

the domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms

Archaeplastida

the supergroup that includes plants and some algae

Sporangia

structures that produce and contain spores

Spores

reproductive cells that can develop into a new organism

Gametophyte

the haploid phase of the plant life cycle that produces gametes

Sporophyte

the diploid phase of the plant life cycle that produces spores