theme: army

overall conclusion of army

policy of the army being a fighting force never changes throughout yet uses vary

For A2 what was the catalyst for reforming the army ?

crimean war

Who did A2 appoint in 1861 to reform the military?

Miliutin, minister of war

What reforms of A2 meant opposition could be better dealt with via the army ?

humanise military, improve its efficiency via restructure of command

How did A3 reform the military?

through assimilation and peaceful means. moving away from foreign conflicts, peacekeepers

How did A3 bring stability within Russia ?

Russification- transforming parts of empire into ‘Pure Russia’

Relationship with Army and A3

Russification failure as a policy yet Army remained loyal and strong

3 ways Nicholas lost support of the army

1. Russo-Japanese war 1904-5- humiliation, poor conditions
2. 1916 WWI- loss of heavy lives, poor planning, lack of food and morale
3. 1917 WWI feb- army refuse to fire on protestors and Tsar abdicates

when did army support Nicholas

bloody sunday- 1905 St Petersburg- soldier shooted peasant protestors

Prov Government and Army (3)

1. PG had to ask PS for weapons- disjointed
2. Support= July Days
3. Lack of Support= Kornilov revolt, army did not support Kerensky 1917

army under Lenin

red army

why was the red army dominant

Trotsky= brilliant leader, common aims= to win power

How were the red army adaptable

implemented war communism= grain requisitioning

dual mobilisation- soldiers and workers

How did Lenin lose support of the army

1921 Kronstadt uprising sailors, demanding reforms, dissertation

Under Stalin how were army used

Dekulakization, forced collectivisation

how did Stalin and Army have bad relationship

he viewed them with mistrust- purged them due to “too powerful” fear

how many of the military echelon (top) disappeared due to purging?

40%

How did relationship with army improve under Stalin

stronger post 1945 due to war

size of army under Khrushchev

reduced by 1.2m, went from 3.6m to 2.4m- couldn’t afford army

how did purpose of army change under Khrushchev

changed to peacekeeping and supporting cold war politics in Europe

what event proved the army was still a force for fighting under Khrushchev

Cuban Missile crisis 1962- essence of army still remains