Nutrition Exam 1

In which of the following tissues is glycogen typically stored?

muscle and liver

What is the principle carbohydrate of milk?

lactose

The chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is called ____.

hydrolysis​

Most carbohydrate digestion occurs in __________

small intestine

What is the composition of lactose?

one glucose and one galactose unit

______________ is the preferred source of energy for the brain and nerve cells.

glucose

What is the recommended intake of dietary fiber?

14 grams per 1000 kcal

What is the composition of sucrose?

one glucose and one fructose unit

What type of nutrient is starch?

complex carbohydrate

After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?

insulin

What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body?

glycogen

What is the primary function of insulin?

lowers blood glucose levels

When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?

glucagon

What is the composition of sucrose?

one glucose and one fructose unit

What is the sweetest-tasting monosaccharides in the diet?

fructose

Which of the following would be a source of protein?​

​tofu

Which food items are consumed in the diet of a lactovegetarian?

milk products and plant foods only

Which of the following is required in the list of nutrients on a food label?

calcium

The part of the grain that remains after being refined is the ____.​

endosperm

What is a feature of the Nutrition Facts panel on a food label?

Saturated fat must be listed

Which of the following food groups are emphasized by Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Vegetables, whole grains, fruits

What are the principles of diet planning?

adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety

Which of the following is NOT required on food labels?

Health claim

In which food group are legumes found?​

proteins

Nutrient dense refers to foods that ____.

provide more nutrients relative to kcalories

A food label that advertises the product as a "rich source of fiber" is an example of a ____.​

nutrient claim

Which of the following food groups are emphasized by Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

 All of the these

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

It protects stomach cells from gastric juices.

What structure prevents reflux of stomach contents?

Lower esophageal sphincter

What is the function of bile?

emulsifies fats

The gastrointestinal microbiome is comprised primarily of ___

​bacteria

What is chyme?

a mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices

Which part of the GI tract contains highly acidic digestive juices?

stomach

Fiber is absorbed in the small intestine.

false

What best describes the normal pH of the stomach?

​Very acidic

During digestion, bicarbonate is produced by_____,the purpose of bicarbonate is to___________.

Pancreas; neutralize pH

What is the normal pH of the gastric juice?

2

The first section of the small intestine is called the:

duodenum

One function of the gallbladder is to ____.

store bile

One function of sphincter muscles is to ____.

control the passage of food through the GI tract

Bile is produced by the:

liver

What is a function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

​It creates an optimum acidity.

Which nutrient is an organic compound?​

vitamin C

Which statement is true of nutrient intakes?​

Intakes above the UL put an individual at risk of toxicity

A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kcalories, which includes 30 g of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?

19.0%

In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called a

hypothesis

The amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of about 98% of a population is known as the

Recommended Dietary Allowance

Nutrition habits and disease trends are assessed for a large population. After the data are analyzed, the researchers find that older adults who are physically active have lower blood pressure than inactive adults. They also find that physically active adults eat more fruits and vegetables than inactive adults. This type of study is a

Epidemiological study

When designing a scientific research study, having a _____________ is essential for comparison between treated and untreated individuals

control group

The statement “boost your immune system” is a structure-function claim. A structure-function claim can be made with no proof or guarantee of any benefits to this claim

true

Which of the following is NOT part of the scientific method

The researcher collects and analyzes data that will either support or reject the theory.

The statement, “Students who eat breakfast are more likely to make an A on the exam,” is an example of a testable research question or a/an

Hypothesis

Which nutrient is an example of a macronutrient?

protein

The term organic, as related to compounds, would be best defined as

​substances with carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds

The RDAs (Recommended Dietary Allowances) for nutrients are generally

​designed to meet the needs of almost all healthy people