CHE2C - Main Group Chemistry

atomic radius trends

• increase down a column

• decreases left to right across a row

electronegativity trends

• decreases down a column

• increases left to right across a row

metallic character trends

• increases down a column

• decreases left to right across a row

the lightest element in each family…

• is smaller in atomic radius

• has different chemistry from the rest of its family

what are the alkali metals?

• group 1

• La, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

characteristics of alkali metals?

• OS = +1

• highly reactive

• react with oxygen to form oxides, peroxides, superoxides

what is hydrogen and its characteristics?

• lightest element

• small, low IMF

• non-metal

what are alkaline earth metals?

• group 2

• Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

what are some characteristics of alkaline earth metals?

• common OS = +2

• low densities, melting + boiling points, solubility

• form basic oxides

group 13 metals + general characteristics

• B, Al, Ga, In, Ti

• common OS: +1, +3

• soft, relatively reactive

group 14 metals + general characteristics

• C, Si, Ge Sn, Pb

• common OS: +2, +4, -4

• can form 4 covalent bonds to non-metals

group 15 metals + general characteristics

• N, P, As, Sb, Bi

• multiple common OS

• range from stable-reactive, non-toxic-toxic

group 16 metals + general characteristics

• O, S, Se, Te, Po

• common OS: 0, -1, -2

• different molecular forms (allotropes)

• smells, radioactivity, lethal

group 17 metals + general characteristics

• F, Cl, Br, I, At

• halogens

• common OS: -1

• atomic form not found in nature

• high EN, form polar covalent bonds

group 18 metals + general characteristics

• noble gases

• He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

• common OS: 0

• low reactivity

• colorless, odorless, neutral

• low melting + boiling point