American History Chapter 29

Underwood Tariff

Significant reduction of tariffs pushed heavily by Woodrow Wilson

Federal Reserve Act

Established a federal banking system consisting of twelve regional reserve banks

Federal Trade Commission Act

Appointed a commission to root out monopolies and unfair trade practices

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Expanded the Sherman Act, cracked down on price discrimination and other unfair business practices

Holding Companies

Large corporation that held more than 50% voting stock in many other companies

Workingmen’s Compensation Act

Granted assistance to federal employees during periods of disability

Adamson Act

Established an eight-hour workday for 1.7 million employees on interstate trains, also granting overtime

Jones Act

Granted the Philippines territorial status and promised independence as soon as a “stable government” could be established

Tampico Incident

Pancho Villa’s raid into New Mexico in order to start a war between the US and Mexico, leading to the death of 19 Americans and an American invasion force in rural Mexico

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, The Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria’s alliance during WWI

Allies

France, Britain, Russia, Japan, Italy, and the US’s alliance during WWI

U-Boats

German submarines used for commerce raiding

Lusitania

British passenger liner torpedoed by German U-Boats, leading to the death of 128 Americans

Zimmerman Note

German telegraph to Mexico, suggesting a German-Mexican alliance and Mexican reclamation of the US southwest

Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson’s address calling for idealistic global liberal reform, called for the establishment of the League of Nations

Committee on Public Information

Organization created to sell Americans on US involvement in WWI

Espionage Act

Targetted suspected foreign agents

Schenck v. United States

Supreme Court case that upheld the legality of the Espionage and Sedition Acts

War Industries Board

Limited national body that directed war prodcution during WWI

Industrial Workers of the World

One of the largest national unions, organized some of the largest strikes in US history during WWI

Great Migration

Black Americans from the South moving North to cities to find work in new war industries

Nineteenth Amendment

Amendment granting the right to vote to American women

Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act

Federally financed instruction in maternal and infant healthcare

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)

American Army in the European Theater of WWI manned through national conscription

Battle of Chateay-Thierry

The first significant engagement of American troops in a European war

Muese-Argonne Offensive

The last Allied assault, the largest battle in American history at the time

League of Nations

A world parliament containing seats for all nations controlled by great powers

Treaty of Versailles

The treaty ending WWI, imposed reparations and other measures onto Germany

Irreconcilables

Isolationists opposed to US entry into the League of Nations, invoking the early American ideology of no foreign alliances

Louis D. Brandeis

Reformer attorney, author of Other People’s Money and How the Bankers Use It, first Jewish Supreme Court Justice

Francisco “Pancho” Villa

Mexican bandit, “Robin Hood”, and architect of the Tampico Incident

Arthur Zimmermann

German foreign secretary and author of the Zimmerman note

George Creel

Propagandist journalist, head of the Committee on Public Information

Eugene V. Debs

Socialist union organizer and presidential candidate tried under the Espionage Act for speaking out against US involvement in WWI

William D. “Big Bill” Haywood

IWW leader tried under the Espionage Act for speaking out against the US government

Herbert C. Hoover

Quaker Humanitarian, Head of the Food Administration, promoted voluntary action in support of the US war effort

Alice Paul

Quaker Activist, demonstrated against US involvement in WWI and women’s support for the war effort through marches and hunger strikes

Henry Cabot Lodge

Chairmen of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, known as the “scholar in politics”, deep personal feud with Woodrow Wilson