ABNORMAL PSYCH PPT 1

Abnormality

Psychological **dysfunction** associated with **distress** or impairment in functioning and **deviance**

**Psychopathology**

scientific study concerned with the nature, development and treatment of mental disorders

**Scientist-Practitioner**

scientific approach used by mental health professionals in clinical work (consume, evaluate and create)

**Clinical Description**

unique combination of thoughts, behaviors and feelings that make up a specific disorder

**Presenting Problem/Presents**

reason why the person came to the mental health institution

**Prevalence**

total number of cases in a population

**Incidence**

new cases in a given period of time

**Sex Ratio**

percentage of male-to-female ratio in the cases of a specific disorder

Course

pattern of the disorder

Chronic

lasts a long time, sometimes a lifetime

Episodic

recover within a few months and suffer again at a later time

**Time-Limited**

recover without treatment for a short period of time

Onset

beginning and speed of the development of disorder

Acute

sudden occurrence

Insidious

gradual development

Prognosis Prognosis

anticipated course of the disorder

Good

individual might recover

Guarded

outcome appears to be poor

Etiology

study of why the disorder begins and includes the **biopsychosocial formulation**

**Supernatural Tradition**

Abnormal behavior equates to evil and related to the works of the devil and witches

Demonology

evil being can dwell in and control a person’s mind and body

exorcism

shaving a sign of the cross to the head and bringing them near the church

**Mass Hysteria**

large-scale outbreaks of bizarre behavior

**Emotion Contagion**

an experience of an emotion that seem to spread to people

**Mob Psychology**

shared response that occurs when people believed their reactions have the same source

Paracelsus

suggested that the movements of moon and the stars affect one’s psychological functioning

Hippocrates

he and his associates suggested that psychological disorders can be treated like any other diseases

Galen

extended the works of Hippocrates and his associates

Humoral Theory of Disorders

psychological functioning is based on the four bodily fluids or humors and imbalance of the humors causes psychological disorders

Sanguine

blood, characterized by cheerfulness and optimism

Melancholic

black bile, depressive

Phlegmatic

phlegm, characterized by sluggishness, apathy and calmness

Choleric

yellow bile, characterized by hot-headedness

hysteria

Hippocrates coined this term (which is now known as **somatic symptom disorders**) to describe a concept from the Egyptians.

Syphilis

sexually transmitted disease that can induce psychotic symptoms.

Louis Pasteur

his germ theory of diseases facilitated the discovery of the cause of syphilis.

John P. Grey

an American psychiatrist, suggested that the causes of insanity is always physical. Hence, mentally ill patients should be treated as physically ill.

1930s

physical interventions of electric shock and brain surgery were used.

Manfred Sakel

used higher doses of insulin until patients convulsed and they recovered their mental health. This is known as **insulin shock therapy**.

Benjamin Franklin

discovered the effect of electric shock to the head.

Joseph von Meduna

observed that schizophrenia is rare in patients with epilepsy. His followers concluded brain seizures might cure schizophrenia.

1950s

effective drugs were developed for severe psychotic disorders.

Rauwolfia serpentine (*reserpine*) and neuroleptics major traquilizers)

are used for hallucinations and delusions as well as agitation and aggressiveness.

Benzodiazepines

medicine used for anxiety.

Emil Kraepelin

advocated the major ideas for biological tradition, but he largely contributed to the area of diagnosis and classification.

Plato

suggested that social and cultural influences as well as reasoning affect maladaptive behavior.

Aristotle

argued that social environment and early learning contribute to later psychopathology.

Moral therapy

emerged during the first half of the 19thth century.

**Philippe Pinel** and **Jean-Baptiste Pussin**

introduced the moral therapy.

W**illiam Tuke**

brought moral therapy to England.

Dorothea Dix

began the mental hygiene movement.

Franz Anton Mesmer

suggested that mental disorders have something to do with an undetectable fluid called animal magnetism.

Jean-Martin Charcot

proved that some techniques of mesmerism/hypnosis effectively cured various psychological disorders.

Josef Breuer

applied a different use for hypnosis as to discover underlying conflict of his patients.

Sigmund Freud

together with Breuer, discovered the unconscious mind and catharsis.

Anna Freud

suggested that abnormal behavior develops when the ego fails in adaptation, reality testing and defenses

Heinz Kohut

suggested that the formation of self-concept and crucial attributes of the self affect the development of abnormality.

Object Relations

psychological conflict arises when varying positions of objects have been incorporated.

**Carl Jung** and **Alfred Adler**

believe that removing barriers to internal and external growth results to the improvement of a person.

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

is more used in the modern time rather than classical psychoanalysis.

Self-actualizing

refers to the concept that we can achieve our best potential if we have the freedom to grow.

behavioral model

provided a more systematic and scientific approach to psychopathology.

Ivan Pavlov

introduced the concept of classical conditioning.

John B. Watson

founded the behaviorism.

Mary Cover Jones

the first to diminish phobia through behaviorism.

Joseph Wolpe

introduced **systematic desensitization.**

Adolf Meyer

suggested that psychopathology could be best understood through the lenses of biology, psychology and sociology.