b) c) d) e) Monosaccharides, disaccharides

Condensation reactions

Occurs when a water molecule is removed to form a covalent bond

Hydrolysis reactions

Occurs when a water molecule is added to break a covalent bond

Lipids are made up of

C H O

Proteins are made up of

C H O N S

Nucleic acids are made up of

C H O N P

Carbohydrates are made up of

C H O

Monosaccharides

Simple sugars form the monomer units

Disaccharides

Made of 2 monosaccharide molecules joined together

Polysaccharides

Made up of a long chain of monosaccharides.

Starch is a long chain of a-glucose molecules. It is used by plants as an energy store

α-glucose

β-glucose

Ribose

- 5C sugar

- RNA

Disaccharide of Sucrose

α-glucose + fructose

Disaccharide of Lactose

β glucose + Galactose

Disaccharide of Maltose

α-glucose + α-glucose

1,4 β-glycosidic bond

The molecule has to orientate it 180 degrees so that the OH on C1 on one β-glucose is next to the OH on the C1 of another β-glucose