MOD 3 - CCNA

Rule Establishment

Individuals must use established rules or agreements to govern the conversation.

Encoding

is the process of converting information into another acceptable form for transmission.

Decoding

reverses this process to interpret the information.

Message Formatting

depend on the type of message and the channel that is used to deliver the message.

Data Encapsulation

The form that a piece of data takes at any layer is called a protocol data unit (PDU).

Message Size

Encoding between hosts must be in an appropriate format for the medium

Message Timing

There may be various rules governing issues like "collisions". This is when more than one device sends traffic at the same time and the messages become corrupt.

Flow Control

Manages the rate of data transmission and defines how much information can be sent and the speed at which it can be delivered

Response Timeout

Manages how long a device waits when it does not hear a reply from the destination

Access method

Determines when someone can send a message.

Unicast

one to one communication

Multicast

one to many, typically not all

Broadcast

one to all

Network Protocols

define a common set of rules.

Addressing

Identifies sender and receiver

Reliability

Provides guaranteed delivery

Flow Control

Ensures data flows at an efficient rate

Sequencing

Uniquely labels each transmitted segment of data

Error Detection

Determines if data became corrupted during transmission

Application Interface

Process-to-process communications between network applications

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Governs the way a web server and a web client interact

Transmission Control Protocol

Manages the individual conversations

Internet Protocol

Delivers messages globally from the sender to the receiver

Ethernet

Delivers messages from one NIC to another NIC on the same Ethernet Local Area Network

AppleTalk

Proprietary suite release by Apple Inc

Novell NetWare

Proprietary suite developed by Novell Inc.

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocols

Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

Internet Protocol Suite or TCP/IP

The most common protocol suite and maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force

Internet Society (ISOC)

Promotes the open development and evolution of internet

Internet Architecture Board (IAB)

Responsible for management and development of internet standards

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

Develops, updates, and maintains internet and TCP/IP technologies

• Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)

Focused on long-term research related to internet and TCP/IP protocols

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

Coordinates IP address allocation, the management of domain names, and assignment of other information

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

Oversees and manages IP address allocation, domain name management, and protocol identifiers for ICANN

• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

- dedicated to creating standards in power and energy, healthcare, telecommunications, and networking

Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)

develops standards relating to electrical wiring, connectors, and the 19-inch racks used to mount networking equipment

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

develops communication standards in radio equipment, cellular towers, Voice over IP (VoIP) devices, satellite communications, and more

International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)

defines standards for video compression, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), and broadband communications, such as a digital subscriber line (DSL)

Source IP address

The IP address of the sending device, original source of the packet.

Destination IP address

The IP address of the receiving device, final destination of the packet.