Introduction to Ruminant Production

Goat

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordata

Class Mammalia

Order Artiodactyla

Family Bovidae

Gunus Capra

Species C. hircus

Sheep

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordata

Class Mammalia

Order Artiodactyla

Family Bovidae

Gunus Ovis

Species O. aries

Goat and Sheep

Class Mammalia

Buck

Mature male goat

Ram

Mature male sheep

Doe

Mature female goat

Ewe

Mature female sheep

Kid

Young goat

Lamb

Young sheep

Serving

Act of breeding of goat

tupping

Act of breeding of sheep

Kidding or Freshening

Act of giving birth of goat

Lambing

Act of giving birth of sheep

Wether

Castrated male goat and sheep

Band or trip

Group of goats

Flock or Hurtle

Group of sheeps

60

Number of goat chromosomes (2n)

54

Number of sheep chromosomes (2n)

Browsing

Feeding behavior of goat

Grazing

Feeding behavior of sheep

Rearing up, come down then butt heads

Fighting behavior between male goats

Backing up then butt heads

Fighting behavior between male sheep

Lying out

Behavior of young goat

“Lying in”

Behavior of young sheep

mostly erect

Tail of goat

Always hangs down

Tail of sheep

Goat

Beard are present in this animal

Sheep

Beard are absent in this animal

• Source of Meat and Milk

• Source of Fiber

• Source of Leather

• Manure for Fertilizer Production

• Biological Control

Goat and Sheep production benefits

• Easy to Handle

• Survival in Marginal Environment

• Low Capital Investment Required

• Easy to Integrate with Other Farming Systems

• Low Capital Investment Required

• Easy to Integrate with Other Farming Systems

• Greater Reproductive Potential

• No Religious Restriction in Consumption

Potentials and Competitive Advantages of Goat and Sheep Rearing

Buffalo

95%-draft

5% milk and meat

Smallhold

Tending not more than 35 does

Semi-commercial

Tending 36-100 does

Commercial

Tending more than 100 heads of does

• Fresh/Frozen Chevon Cuts

• Goat Dishes

• Cosmetics

• Canned Products

• Milk and Milk products

Potential Products from Goats

• Wet Markets

• Supermarkets

• Kambingan/Restaurants

• Roadside Market

Common Market Outlets

• “Organic Food”

• Global Halal trade

• Seasonal demand

The Export Potential

Seasonal demand

highest during beginning and end of Ramadan; rituals and ceremonies

• Low-priority animal compared to other livestock and poultry commodities

• Perceived as destructive animals

• Considered as food only for festivities

• Small yield (meat and milk) from native animals

• High mortality rate at pre-weaning stage

• High incidence of diseases and parasites

• Lack of marketing/credit facilities

Industry Constraints

• Promote upgrading of native stocks

• Effective disease and parasite control/eradication programs

• Integrated and sustainable approach to SR production

• Promote goat and sheep commercialization and product development

• Access to marketing and credit facilities

• Policy studies and advocacy

Interventions

Sheep

Is considered as an emerging commodity

49,747 hd

how many heads of sheep as of April, 2010

Smallhold Farm

Tending not more than 5 cows and 5 yearlings or calves

Semi-commercial Farm

Tending 6-50 heads of cows

Commercial Farm

Tending 51 cows and above

Cattle

85% backyard

15% commercial

Dairy

65% backyard

35% commercial

Carabao

99.3% backyard

1% commercial

2.61

no. of heads of cattle in mil

2.70

no. of heads of buffalo in mil

1. CENTRAL Luzon

2. CALABARZON

3. Cagayan Valley

Top 3 distributors of Dairy inventory by Region

176.79 peso/kg

Farmgate price of cattle slaughter in 2024

54.06

Volume of cattle production in 2024

7.45

Volume of dairy production in 2024 in metric tons

59.09 peso/L

Farmgate price of dairy cattle in 2024

Cattle: 30.01%
Goat 36.6%

Carabao 33.2%

Distribution of inventory of dairy animals by type

1. Bicol region

2. Central Luzon

3. Western Visayas

top 3 contributors of carabao inventory by region

28.58

volume of carabao production in 2024

163.19

average farm gate price of carabao for slaughter

• cow calf opertion

• breeder farm operation

• growing fattening operation

beef cattle industry

22kg

per capita milk consumption

3.13 kg

per capita beef consumption