Lesson 5 Bio 2 Quarter 3

Respiratory System

air, humidity level

Respiratory system warms ? to match your body temperature and moisturizes it to the ? your body needs

internal respiration

exchange of gases between blood and cells

external respiration

exchange of gases between blood and air

lobes, 300 million alveoli

the lungs divide into individual ?, which subdiviide into ?

alveoli

primary location for gas exchange

Nose

sense organ of smell

Nose

serves as passageway for incoming and outgoing air filtering, warming, and moistening it

ciliated mucosa

nose is lined with ?

palatine bones and maxillae

the nose’s floor is formed by the ?

anterior nares

the nose opens to the exterior through ?

posterior nares

after going to the anterior nares, where will the air go

nasopharynx

after going to the posterior nares, where will the air go

Nose

internal part of the skull above the roof of the oral cavity

Nose

external part protruding from the face

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

Pharynx is divided into ?

four

Nasopharynx has how many openings?

nose

Nasopharynx is behind the ?

two auditory or Eustachian and two posterior nares

what are the four openings in Nasopharynx

mouth

Oropharynx is behind the ?

one

Oropharynx has how many openings

oral cavity

Oropharynx filters from where

pharynx

Laryngopharynx is behind the ?

two

Laryngopharynx has how many openings

larynx and esophagus

Laryngopharynx openings is located where?

Laryngopharynx

serves as passageway into respiratory and digestive tracts

Nasopharynx

Tonsils are found in the ?

Tonsils

this destroys incoming bacteria and detoxify foreign protein

Larynx

box-like cartilaginous structure located just below the pharynx

Thyroid Cartilage, Epiglottis, Cricoid Cartilage, Arytenoid Cartilage

larynx consists of ?

Adam’s apple

thyroid cartilage is a.k.a ?

Thyroid Cartilage

protects the vocal chords behind it

lid cartilage

Epiglottis is a.k.a ?

Epiglottis

a flap in the throat that keeps food from entering the windpipe and the lungs

signet ring

Cricoid cartilage is a.k.a. ?

Cricoid cartilage

functions as an attachment site for muscles, cartilage, ad ligaments involved in opening and closing the airway and producing speech

pyramid shaped

Arytenoid cartilage is a.k.a ?

Arytenoid cartilage

attachment to vocal cords that allows and aid the vocal cords’ movement

glottis

slit between vocal cords in the ? through which air enters and leaves the lower respiratory passages

vestibular folds

false vocal cord is a.k.a ?

false vocal cord

folds of mucus lining

true vocal cord

fibro elastic bands stretched across the interior of the larynx

10-11

trachea is a cartilaginous tube ? cm in length

trachea

this extends from larynx to bronchi

ciliated mucosa

trachea is lined with ?

trachea

for passageway of air, to and from the lungs

visceral pleura

lungs is covered by ?

cone

lungs are ? in shape

Lungs

this completely fills the pleural spaces extending from slightly above the clavicle to the diaphragm where the base of this rest

Diaphragm

where does the base of the lungs rest

Bronchi

right and left formed by branching of trachea

Bronchioles

smaller branches of bronchi

Alveolar ducts

microscopic branches of bronchioles

alveoli

microscopic sacs at the ends of the alveolar ducts with a network of lung capillaries

alveoli

serves for the exchange of gases between blood and air

spirometer

the amount of air exchanged in breathing is measured by an apparatus called >

Tidal Air

the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle

500 ml

what is the average amount of tidal air expired after a normal respiration

Expiratory reserved volume

the amount of air that you can exhale when you push out all the air possible after your normal breath

Expiratory reserved volume

largest additional volume of air that can be forcefully expired after a normal inspiration and expiration

1000-1200

the largest additional volume of air that can be forcefully expired after a normal inspiration and expiration is ? ml

Inspiratory reserved volume

largest addition of volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal respiration

3000-3300

largest addition of volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal respiration is ? ml

Residual Air

the amount of air that remains in a person’s lungs after fully exhaling

Residual Air

cannot be forcibly expired from lungs

1200

the residual air is about ? ml

Minimal Air

the volume of gas that remains in the lungs and cannot be expelled after they have been removed from the body, or after the chest has been opened

Vital Capacity

approximate capacity of lungs as measured by amount of air that can be forcibly expired after forcible inspiration

thoracic cavity

vital capacity varies with size of ?

Eupnea/Eupnoea

normal quite breathing

Apnea

temporary cessation of breathing

Dyspnea

difficult breathing

Orthopnea

inability to breath easily in horizontal position

Tachypnea

excessively rapid and shallow breathing

Bradypnea

abnormal slow breathing