unit 1.1

Confucianism

A philosophy that human society is hierarchical by human nature; unequal relationships

Filial piety

Honoring your ancestors and parents; emphasized by ruler

song dynasty had _______

had neo-confucianism which had elements of Confucianism with daoism and Buddhism

Women treatment in song china

couldn't own property, couldn't remarry, footbinding: practice where women's feet were tightly bound to limit growth, causing pain and loss of independence. symbolized status and wealth.

imperial bureaucracy

a system of govt officials who carry out emperor's will , had efficient large bureaucracy, have to pass civil service exam means that it was based on merit

Civil Service Exam:

An exam designed to select bureaucrats based on merit.

a tributary relationship,

a weaker state (the tributary) recognizes the authority of a stronger state (the tributary power), usually a great empire, by offering tribute, often in the form of gifts, and by acknowledging the superior position of the emperor or leader of the stronger state.

Korea tributary relationship with china

Had a tributary relationship with China, which involved recognizing China's superiority and adopting Chinese ideologies, including Confucianism.

Vietnam tributary relationship with china

Also in a tributary relationship, but treated women better than China and did not practice foot binding.

Japan tributary relationship with china

Despite being a neighbor to China, Japan was not in a tributary relationship with China.

Japan selectively adopted Chinese cultural traits, but rejected certain practices, such as the civil service exam and the tributary relationship.

Buddhism

Four noble truth and eightfold path

Theravada buddhism

from sri Lanka, only monks practice, exclusive, escaping the cycle of life and death

mayahana Buddhism

more accessible to everyone, emphasized compassion and loved buddha

tibetan Buddhism

more mystical, spiritual, chanting, lying prostrate

Song successful economy

• Chinese produced more than they needed and sold the rest

• used banking practices like paper money, promissory notes, and credit

• lots of iron steel used for agriculture and armor

• agriculture innovations

• Champa rice: flood- drought resistant, could be harvested twice a year, fed large population and also increased population

• grand canal was built used for trade and stuff

• magnetic compass, improved junk ships with better sails and rudders

How did china maintain and justify its imperial power

Confucianism and imperial bureaucracy