Human Dev: Chapter 6

What is emotional regulation

ability to monitor, evaluate, and modify your emotional reactions 

• Crucial for children 3-5 years  

what is initiative vs guilt

trying something new and feeling proud/guilty

• Pride is typical in early childhood 

• Children have protective optimism, which helps let them try new things 

• Age 7 is when they begin to have modesty 

What are Parten’s 5 Stages of Play

1. Solitary: child plays alone 

2. Onlooker: child watches others play 

3. Parallel: children play in similar ways but not together 

4. Associative: children interact, sharing materials, but not taking turns 

5. Cooperative: children play together, creating drama or taking turns 

What is functional play

interacting with objects/toys

what is constructive play

building things

what is pretend play

using the imagination

what is cooperative play

playing and sharing things with others

what is sociodramatic play

llows children to act out various roles and themes in stories they create 

• Allows children to explore social roles 

• Learns to explain their ideas 

• Practice emotional regulation 

• Develop self-concept 

What is authoritarian parenting

high standards, strict punishment, and little communication

what is permissive parenting

high nurturance and communication, but little disciple 

what is authoritative parenting

set limits and enforce rules, but flexible and listen to their kids

what is corporal punishment

discipline that hurts the body 

what is psychological control

threatening to withdraw love and support, using a child's feelings of guilt/gratitude

what is induction

when a parent tries to get the child to understand why a certain behavior was wrong 

• Doesn't always succeed 

By age 2, gender differences are…

noticed

by age 4, gender…

preferences are set

by age 6, gender…

differences are set

What is prosocial behavior

actions that are helpful and kind and meant to help another. Stems from emotion and empathy

what are the different types of aggression

• Instrumental: intended to get something another person has 

• Reactive aggression: impulsive retaliation for another person's intentional or accidental hurtful action 

• Relational aggression: nonphysical acts like insults/social rejection aimed to hurt 

• Bullying: unprovoked, repeated physical/verbal attack 

What are the 3 levels to harm reduction

• Primary prevention: changes overall conditions to prevent harm 

• Secondary prevention: actions that avert harm in a high-risk situation, and are more targeted 

• Tertiary prevention: begins after injury already happened 

reported vs substantiated maltreatment

• Reported maltreatment: harm that's been reported to authorities 

• Substantiated maltreatment: harm that has been reported, investigated, and verified