APUSH Chapter 39; The Resurgence of Conservatism, 1981-1992

True

True/False; Ronald Reagan successfully portrayed "big government" as the enemy rather than the friend of the "common man"

False

True/False; Reagan's landslide victory over Carter in 1980 did not have the coattails to bring his fellow Republican into office.

False

True/False; Once in office, Reagan backed away from most of ideologically conservative election promises and concentrated on practical management of the economy and relations with the Russians

False

True/False; The fact that Reagan's "supply -side" economic proposals bogged in Congress demonstrated the continuing stalemate between Congress and the executive branch.

True

True/False; "Reaganomics" was successful in lowering interest rates and balancing the budget but had difficulty bringing down inflation and creating economic growth

True

True/False; Reagan's revival of the Cold War in the early 1980s caused rising military budgets and growing doubts about American policy in Western Europe.

True

True/False; Reagan pursued a tough policy of military intervention and aid in opposition to leftist governments in Central America and the Caribbean.

True

True/False; Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost and perestroika helped reduce Soviet American conflict in Reagan's second term.

True

True/False; The Iran-contra affair involved the secret exchange of weapons for American hostages and the illegal transfer of funds to Nicaraguan rebels

True

True/False; The failure of "Reaganomics" to deliver a balanced federal budget actually served Reagan's political goal of curbing the liberal welfare state

True

True/False; The new religious right borrowed many of its tactics and organizing methods form the new left of the 1960s

False

True/False; The Supreme Court cases of Webster vs Reproductive Health Services and Casey vs Planned Parenthood carved out compromises that softened the conflict between pro life and pro choice forces

False

True/False; American economics and cultural assistance to dissident groups played a key role in the overthrow of communism in Eastern Europe

True

True/False; The overthrow of communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union led to vicious fighting among previously repressed ethnic groups

True

True/False; The First Persian Gulf War achieved its goal of liberating Kuwait but left Saddam Hussein in power in Iraq

a. Senator Edward Kennedy's primary challenge to incumbent President Carter revealed the divisions and weakness of the Democratic party.

1. In the 1980 national elections,

a. Senator Edward Kennedy's primary challenge to incumbent President Carter revealed the divisions and weakness of the Democratic party.

b. Ronald Reagan won the presidency, but both houses of Congress retained Democratic party majorities.

c. third-party candidate John Anderson nearly forced the election into the House of Representatives.

d. Ronald Reagan won the presidency by the closest margin since the Kennedy-Nixon election of 1960.

b. championed the common person against vast impersonal menaces.

2. Ronald Reagan was similar to Franklin D. Roosevelt in that both presidents

a. disliked big business.

b. championed the common person against vast impersonal menaces.

c. were raised in wealthy families.

d. favored social engineering by the government.

d. branded big business as the enemy of the common person, while Reagan branded big government as the foe.

3. Ronald Reagan differed from Franklin D. Roosevelt in that Roosevelt

a. saw big government as the foe of the common person, and Reagan said the foe was big business.

b. appealed to the working class and Reagan appealed only to the rich.

c. advocated a populist political philosophy and Reagan did not.

d. branded big business as the enemy of the common person, while Reagan branded big government as the foe.

a. boll weevils.

4. Conservative Democrats who helped Ronald Reagan pass his budget and tax-cutting legislation were called

a. boll weevils.

b. scalawags.

c. Sabebrush rebels.

d. neoconservatives.

b. defense

5. The one area of the federal government activity that Ronald Reagan spent lavishly on was

a. farm programs.

b. defense.

c. social.

d. education.

b. to negotiate only from a position of overwhelming military superiority.

6. Reagan's fundamental principle in negotiating with the Soviet Union was to

a. trade America's minor interests for major concessions from the Soviets.

b. to negotiate only from a position of overwhelming military superiority.

c. to negotiate only in cooperation with the Western European allies.

d. to insist on greater human rights and economic freedoms as conditions of the negotiations.

a. Lebanon.

7. More than two hundred US marines were killed in a suicide bombing during an American mission in

a. Lebanon.

b. Somalia.

c. Grenada.

d. Nicaragua.

d. the banning of all intermediate-range nuclear missiles from Europe.

8. Reagan's key agreement with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev provided for

a. the eventual end of communism inside the Soviet Union.

b. a major reduction in both Soviet and American nuclear weapons and intercontinental missiles.

c. an end to Soviet and American sponsorship of governments and rebels in the Third World.

d. the banning of all intermediate-range nuclear missiles from Europe.

a. US aid for rebels against the leftist government of Nicaragua.

9. The Iran-contra scandal reflected a sharp conflict between Congress and President Reagan over

a. US aid for rebels against the leftist government of Nicaragua.

b. the American policy of refusing to trade arms for US hostages in the Middle East.

c. the attitude of American Christian and Jewish leaders toward Iran's Islamic Revolution.

d. the US economic boycott of Fidel Castro's Cuba.

b. "identity politics" and civil disobedience.

10. The religious right movement of the 1980s adopted many ideas and tactics from the 1960s new left such as

a. advertising in newspapers and television.

b. "identity politics" and civil disobedience.

c. taking over traditional political party machines.

d. wearing Native American clothing and hairstyles.

c. abortion and gay rights

11. Among the issues that many religious right activists were most concerned about were

a. taxation and economic development.

b. Medicare and Medicaid programs.

c. abortion and gay rights

d.foreign policy.

c. affirmative action

12. In cases like Ward's Cove Packing v. Antonia, the more conservative 1980s Supreme Court began to reflect Reagan's political agenda in cutting back

a. the teaching of evolution in public schools.

b. sex and violence on television.

c. affirmative action.

d. gun control laws.

a. Webster v. Reproductive Health Services.

13. The 1989 Supreme Court decision that upheld some state restrictions on a woman's right to have an abortion was

a. Webster v. Reproductive Health Services.

b. Brown v. Board of Education.

c. Roe v. Wade.

d. the Miranda decision.

b. China

14. In which of the following Communist nations did protesters' attempts to bring greater liberty and democracy in the years 1989-1991 completely fail?

a. the Soviet Union.

b. China.

c. East Germany.

d. Poland.

b. the liberation of Kuwait from Iraqi rule.

15. The major American and Allied success in the Persian Gulf War was

a. the overthrow of Saddam Hussein.

b. the liberation of Kuwait from Iraqi rule.

c. the freeing of the Kurds from Iraqi oppression.

d. the achievement of an enduring peace in the Middle East.

Neoconservatists

1. Influential group of intellectuals led by Irving Kristol and Norman Podhoretz who provided key ideas for the "Reagan Revolution"

Proposition 13

2. California ballot initiative of 1978 that set the stage for the "tax revolt" that Reagan rode to victory in 1980

Supply-side

3. The economic theory of "Reaganomics" that emphasized cutting taxes and government spending in order to stimulate investment, productivity, and economic growth by private enterprise

Yuppies

4. Term for "young urban professionals" of the 1980s who flaunted their wealth through conspicuous consumer spending

Boll Weevils

5. Conservative southern Democrats who supported Reagan's economic policies in Congress

Soliditary

6. Polish labor union crushed by communist-imposed martial-law rule in 1983

Sandinistas

7. The leftist revolutionary rulers of Nicaragua, strongly opposed by the Reagan administration

Star Wars

8. Popular name for Reagan's proposed space-based nuclear defense system, officially called the Strategic Defense Initiative

Berlin Wall

9. Physical symbol of the Cold War and divided Europe that came down in 1989

Operation Desert Storm

10. Code name for the military operation of the "hundred hour war" that drove Saddam Hussein out of Kuwait

Jimmy Carter

1. Well-meaning president who was swamped by the 1980 Raegan landslide but later won the Nobel Peace Prize

Edward Kennedy

2. Liberal Democratic senator whose opposition to Carter helped divide the Democrats in 1980

Ronald Reagan

3. Political darling of republican conservatives who won landslide election victories in 1980 and 1984

Sandinistas

4. Ruling leftist party of Nicaragua fiercely opposed by the Reagan administration

Sandra Day O'Connor

5. Brilliant legal scholar appointed by Reagan as the first woman justice on the Supreme Court

Mikhail Gorbachev

6. Soviet leader whose summit meetings with Reagan achieved an arms-control breakthrough in 1987

George Bush, Sr.

7. Republican politico who defeated Dukakis in 1988

contras

8. Anti-communist Nicaraguan rebels strongly backed by the Reagan administration

Saddam Hussein

9. Iraqi dictator defeated by the US & allies in the Persian Gulf War

Corazon Aquino

10. Filipino leader who ousted dictator Marcos with American backing in 1986 revolt

Walter Mondale

11. Carter's vice president who lost to Reagan in the 1984 election

Geraldine Ferraro

12. First woman to be nominated to a major party ticket as Democratic vice presidential candidate in 1984

Jerry Falwell

13. Prominent evangelical minister, leader of the Moral Majority

Norman Schwartzkopf

14. Successful commander of US forces in the First Persian Gulf War

Clarence Thomas

15. Controversial Supreme Court justice who narrowly won confirmation despite charges of sexual harassment

1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 6

Chronological Order

helped fuel Ronald Reagan's successful presidential campaign in 1980.

Cause/Effect; The intellectual movement called neoconservatism

led to sharp cuts in both taxes and federal social programs in 1981.

Cause/Effect; Reagan's crusade against big government and social spending

curbed inflation and spurred economic growth but also caused sky-high deficits and interest rates.

Cause/Effect; By 1983, Reagan's supply-side economic policies

led to a break off of arms-control talks, US economic sanctions against Poland, and growing anxiety in Western Europe.

Cause/Effect; The revival of the Cold War in the early 80s

resulted in the failure of the American marines peacekeeping mission in 1983.

Cause/Effect; Continued political turmoil and war in Lebanon

caused the US invasion of Grenada and the CIA engineered mining of Nicaraguan harbors.

Cause/Effect; Reagan's hostility to leftist government in Central America and the Caribbean

brought about an overwhelming Republican victory in the 1984 presidential election.

Cause/Effect; Reagan's personal popularity and Democratic divisions

strained relations with America's European allies

Cause/Effect; Reagan's "Star Wars" plan for defensive missile systems in space

prompted Congress to pass the Gramm-Rodman-Hollings Act calling for automatic spending cuts and a balanced budget by 1991.

Cause/Effect; The huge federal budget deficits of the 1980s

helped curb affirmative action and limit the right to abortion.

*Cause/Effect; Reagan's and Bush's appointments of conservative justices to the Supreme Court

Led to the Iran-contra affair.

Cause/Effect; The Reagan administration's frustration with hostages and bans on aid to Nicaraguan rebels

led to the overthrow of communist puppet governments in Eastern Europe.

Cause/Effect; Dissident movements like that of Solidarity in Poland

brought the killing of many people by tanks and machine guns and a re-assertion of harsh Communist Party rule.

Cause/Effect; The widespread student protests in China's Tiananmen Square in 1989

brought a large American army to the Arabian peninsula and naval forces to the Persian Gulf.

Cause/Effect; Effect Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait

caused a bitter Senate hearing and a growing "gender gap" between Republicans and Democrats.

Cause/Effect; Anita Hill's charges of sexual harassment against Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas