Short-term memory

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19 Terms

1
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What is Short-Term Memory (STM)

  • a store of memory that temporarily stores a limited amount of information that is consciously being attended to and actively manipulated

2
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What type of information does STM hold

  • Information you are consciously thinking about at any moment

3
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Where can the information in STM come from

  • From sensory memory (via attention) or long-term memory (via recall)

4
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How does information move from sensory memory to STM

  • By paying attention to it

5
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How does information move from long-term memory to STM

  • By choosing to recall it into conscious awareness

6
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Why is STM also called "working memory"

  • Because you are consciously aware of and manipulating the information it holds

7
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What is the function of Short-Term Memory (STM)

  • To temporarily store a limited amount of information that is consciously being attended to and actively manipulated

8
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How much information can STM hold

  • 7 ± 2 items (5 to 9 pieces of information)

9
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What is the duration of STM

  • 18 to 30 seconds

10
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What can happen to information that reaches STM

  • discarded

  • changed by further encoding

  • retained while being used

11
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How can information from long-term memory (LTM) enter STM

  • By being retrieved into conscious awareness

12
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What are three processes that can increase the capacity and duration of STM

  • Chunking

  • Maintenance rehearsal

  • Elaborative rehearsal

13
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What is chunking

  • Grouping smaller 'chunks' of information into larger chunks to hold more information in STM

14
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Give an example of chunking

  • Breaking a 10-digit phone number into 3 chunks of 3–4 digits to make it easier to remember

15
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What is maintenance rehearsal

  • Repeating new information over and over to keep it in STM for as long as possible

16
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How does maintenance rehearsal affect STM duration

  • Each rehearsal refreshes the 18–30 second duration that information can be stored in STM

17
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What is elaborative rehearsal

  • Linking new information meaningfully to information already stored in long-term memory

18
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Give an example of elaborative rehearsal

  • Remembering a new co-worker's name by relating it to a family member's name

19
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How can rehearsal (in a broad sense) be used in STM

  • It can be used to extend the duration of short-term memory