Chapter 2.10 Human Structure and Function

Protein

vital nutrient in every cell

2 types of protiens

Fibrous, Globular

Fibrous

Long strand, insoluble, very stable so can provide mechanical support and strengthen tissues

Globular

compact, spherical, soluble, chemically active, vital. in biological processes

Primary structure

Linear sequence of amino acids, backbone of protein molecule

Secondary structure

Most common, twist or bend in structure, alpha-helix or beta-pleated

Tertiary structure

Folds on secondary structure, makes ball like molecule

Quaternary strcuture

Two folds of polypeptide chains

Amino acids

Building blocks of proteins, can act as acid or base

Denatured protein

When temperature or pH changes, so proteins lose shape, regaining original structure and irreversibly damaging

6 functions of protiens

Mechanical support, Biochemical reaction assistance, transport substances, movement, transmit signals, protect against disease

Catalysts

substances that regulate and accelerate rate of chemical reactions

Enzymes

globular proteins that act as biological catalysts

Activation energy

Amount of energy needed to create a reaction