Nursing Care of Women With Reproductive System Disorders - Chapter 42 (Williams & Hopper)

A comprehensive set of practice flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 42: Nursing Care of Women With Reproductive System Disorders.

What are common risk factors for breast cancer?

Age; Black/Asian/Hispanic ethnicity; Personal or family history; Overweight or obese; High alcohol intake; Smoking; Estrogen replacement therapy; Early menarche; Late menopause; First pregnancy after 30; Low vitamin D; Eating grilled meats; Low intake of fruits and vegetables; Exposure to certain garden chemicals.

What are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer?

Lump or thickening; Dimpling; Clear or bloody discharge; Swelling; Tenderness; Discoloration.

What diagnostic tests are used to diagnose breast cancer?

Breast self-examination; Clinical breast examination; Mammography; Biopsy.

What are the therapeutic interventions for breast cancer?

Lumpectomy; Mastectomy (Partial, Simple, Radical); Radiation; Chemotherapy; Hormonal therapy; Targeted therapies; Immunotherapies.

What are the nursing diagnoses listed for mastectomy patients?

Risk for Ineffective Peripheral Tissue Perfusion; Acute Pain; Risk for Ineffective Coping.

What are the types of mastectomy?

Partial, Simple, and Radical mastectomy.

Which other breast modification surgeries are mentioned?

Mammoplasty; Breast reduction; Mastopexy; Augmentation; Reconstruction.

What are the placement options for breast implants?

Subglandular implant (above chest muscle) and Submuscular implant (below chest muscle).

List the menstrual flow/cycle disorders.

Amenorrhea; Hypermenorrhea; Hypomenorrhea; Menometrorrhagia; Menorrhagia; Oligomenorrhea; Polymenorrhea.

What diagnostic tests are used for menstrual flow/cycle disorders?

Pap smear; Endometrial biopsy; Cultures; Laparoscopy; Ultrasound; Pregnancy testing; Urine and blood testing.

What therapeutic interventions are used for menstrual flow/cycle disorders?

Dilation and curettage (D&C); Laser ablation; Hysterectomy.

What are key nursing care actions for menstrual disorders?

Weigh pads (1 g = 1 mL); Teach about D&C as indicated.

What is dysmenorrhea?

Painful menstruation; classified as primary (not caused by another condition) or secondary (caused by a disease).

What diagnostic tests are used for dysmenorrhea?

Hormone levels; Laparoscopy; Imaging studies; Biopsy; Cultures.

What are common interventions for dysmenorrhea?

Aspirin and NSAIDs; Hormone replacement; D&C; Correct underlying cause.

What are signs of PMS and PMDD?

PMS: water retention, headache, discomfort, affect changes, concentration changes. PMDD: depression, irritability, mood swings, hopelessness, suicidal thoughts.

What interventions are used for PMS/PMDD?

Medications (NSAIDs, contraceptives, antidepressants, diuretics, supplements); Exercise; Stress management; Limit alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, salt, simple sugars.

What is nursing care for PMS/PMDD?

Have an understanding attitude; Collaborate with RN to teach lifestyle measures; Follow up if thoughts of suicide occur.

What are the signs and interventions for endometriosis?

Signs: pain, swelling, organ damage, scar tissue, infertility. Interventions: surgical intervention; estrogen reduction (medications or oophorectomy); analgesics; relaxation; heat.

How can endometriosis pain be managed with nonpharmacologic measures?

Relaxation techniques and heat; collaborate with RN to teach these approaches.

What are perimenopause signs and symptoms?

Erratic menses; tissue atrophy; decreased lubrication; hot flashes; night sweats; mental changes.

What are common treatments for menopause symptoms?

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT); Dietary phytoestrogens; Calcium and vitamin D; dress in layers; vaginal lubricant; healthy diet.

What organisms are associated with vaginitis and vulvitis?

Candidiasis; Bacterial vaginosis; Cytolytic vaginitis; Trichomoniasis; Contact vulvovaginitis; Atrophic vaginitis.

What are common signs of vaginitis?

Itching; Burning; Discharge; Foul odor; Redness.

What medications and routes are used to treat vaginitis?

Antifungal agents; Antibiotics; Routes: oral, cream, suppository, douche.

What causes Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) and what are its signs?

Causes: highly absorbent tampons and other packing. Signs: fever, sore throat, headache, dizziness, confusion, hypotension, rash on palms/soles, skin rashes or blisters.

How can TSS be prevented?

Change tampon every 4 hours; use pads as substitutes; wash hands; use barrier precautions carefully; report symptoms promptly.

What nursing care is required for a patient in shock due to TSS?

Monitor airway, breathing, circulation; monitor vitals and SpO2; assess circulation; provide oxygen; administer fluids and antibiotics as ordered.

What are examples of genital organ development disorders?

Agenesis; Hypoplasia; Imperforate openings.

What are the displacement disorders of the pelvic floor?

Cystocele (bladder bulge into vagina) and Rectocele (rectum bulge into vagina).

What are common uterine position disorders?

Anteversion; Anteflexion; Retroversion; Retroflexion.

What are the degrees of uterine prolapse?

Normal uterus; First-degree prolapse; Second-degree prolapse; Third-degree prolapse.

What diagnostic tests are used for displacement disorders?

Ultrasonography; Hysterosalpingography; CT scan; MRI; Endoscopy.

What are the therapeutic interventions for displacement disorders?

Pessary; Surgical correction; Kegel exercises (squeeze pubococcygeus muscle, hold 10 seconds, relax, 15 repetitions daily).

What nursing diagnoses are associated with displacement disorders?

Pain; Urinary incontinence; Constipation; Sexual dysfunction; Grieving.

What are common nursing interventions for displacement disorders?

Teach Kegel exercises; Advise on a healthy diet and weight management to avoid obesity.

What are the categories of fertility disorders?

Ovulation, Tubal, Uterine, and Other factors.

What methods are included in Reproductive Life Planning for contraception?

Oral contraceptives; Contraceptive implants; Depot medications; Contraceptive ring; Transdermal patch; Barrier methods; Spermicides; Intrauterine devices (IUDs); Natural family planning; Lactational amenorrhea method; Tubal ligation.

What are common facts about female contraception devices shown in the notes?

Vaginal devices include the female condom and diaphragms; Diaphragm covers the cervix.

What sterilization options are noted?

Tubal ligation for females; Vasectomy for males.

What are the pregnancy termination methods listed?

Chemical; Menstrual extraction; Vacuum aspiration; Dilation and evacuation (D&E); Hysterotomy.

What post-abortion care is recommended?

Monitor bleeding; Teach to report bleeding or signs of infection; Abstain from intercourse for about 3 weeks; Provide birth control; Offer grief counseling.

What benign growths are common in the female reproductive system?

Fibroids/leiomyomata; Polyps; Cysts; Bartholins gland issues; Dermoid cysts.

What are the signs and therapeutic approaches for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?

Endocrine imbalance with infertility, obesity, menstrual disturbance, masculinization, diabetes, HTN, endometrial cancer risk. Therapies include: oral hypoglycemics, oral contraceptives, antiandrogen agents, GnRH agonists, diet, and exercise.

Which malignant gynecologic cancers are listed?

Vulvar cancer; Cervical cancer; Endometrial cancer; Ovarian cancer.

What are risk factors and treatments for vulvar cancer?

Risk factors: HPV infection, immune suppression, smoking. Treatments: destruction of cancer cells, radical vulvectomy, skin grafting, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy.

What are risk factors, signs, and diagnostics for cervical cancer?

Risk factors: HPV, multiple partners, >3 pregnancies, smoking, overweight, long-term OCP use, infections, HIV. Signs: sometimes serosanguineous discharge; may be asymptomatic. Diagnostics: Pap smear, biopsy, HPV self-test kit.

What are interventions for cervical cancer?

Cryotherapy, laser therapy, surgical excision, hysterectomy, radiation implants, chemotherapy.

What are risk factors and diagnostics for endometrial cancer?

Risk factors: estrogen excess, estrogen therapy, obesity, never pregnant, older age. Signs: abnormal bleeding. Diagnostics: ultrasound, hysteroscopy, endometrial biopsy.

What are interventions for endometrial cancer?

Hysterectomy, radiation, chemotherapy.

What are risk factors, signs, and diagnostics for ovarian cancer?

Risk factors: early menarche, late menopause, long-term estrogen replacement therapy, family history. Signs: often none until late; weight loss, urinary frequency, pelvic or GI discomfort. Diagnostics: pelvic exam, ultrasound, CT, MRI, tumor markers in blood. Interventions: oophorectomy, estrogen-blocking therapy, radiation, chemotherapy.

What are the types of endoscopic gynecologic surgery listed?

Laparoscopy; Culdoscopy; Hysteroscopy; Salpingoscopy.

What is involved in postoperative care for endoscopic surgery?

Monitor vital signs, bleeding, temperature, pain; Administer analgesics; Provide teaching.

What are the hysterectomy types and methods?

Types: Total, Supracervical, Radical. Methods: Abdominal, Vaginal, Laparoscopic, Robotic.

What is the rationale for performing a hysterectomy?

Menstrual problems; Benign tumors; Prolapse; Cancer.

What nursing diagnoses are associated with hysterectomy?

Grieving; Risk for urinary retention; Risk for constipation; Risk for delayed surgical recovery; Anxiety.