APHY101 Unit 6

Why learn skeletal anatomy?

for bony landmarks and they’re radiographically visible

Abdominopelvic skeletal structures (HIPS):

femoral head, greater trochanter

Abdominopelvic skeletal structures (BONY PELVIS):

Iliac wing, Iliac crest, ASIS, sacrum

Abdominopelvic skeletal structures (LUMBAR SPINE):

L-1, L-2, L-3, L-4, L-5, Iliac crest (L4/L5)

Abdominopelvic skeletal structures (BONY THORAX):

Ribs 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, inferior rib margin (L2/L3)

Abdominopelvic skeletal structures (XIPHOID TIP OF STERNUM):

T9/T10

Stomach

Fundus (superior), Body (middle/largest), Pylorus (inferior/horizontal)

Small bowel

Dueodenum (c-shaped), Jejunum (mostly upper abdomen), Ileum (mostly lower abdomen)

Large bowel

Cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

Liver

largest solid organ, rests below right diaphragm, produces bile

Gallbladder

pear shaped organ under liver, stores bile until needed

Pancreas

Head (within “c” loop of duodenum), Tail (extends behind stomach), Produces insulin (breaks down carbs (sugars))

Kidneys

filter urea waste from blood, located in posterior upper abdomen on both sides

Ureters

carry urine from kidneys to bladder

Urinary bladder

urine reservoir behind pubic bone

Urethra

passage way to excrete urine from the body

Adrenal glands

on top of each kidney, produce adrenaline (no urinary function)

Spleen

behind stomach on left side, storage reservoir for blood cells

Diaphragm

controls respiration, separates thoracic from abdominal cavity

Psoas muscle

extends from L-1 down to the femur, aids in raising legs, IS radiographically visible

Name 13 organs in the RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT:

liver, gallbladder, right kidney, right adrenal gland, proximal right ureter, duodenum, jejunum, distal ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, head of pancreas, psoas muscle, right hemi-diaphragm

Name 12 organs in the LEFT UPPER QUADRANT:

stomach, jejunum, distal transverse colon, splenic flexure, proximal descending colon, left kidney, left adrenal gland, proximal left ureter, spleen, tail of pancreas, superior left psoas, left hemi-diaphragm

Name 9 organs in the RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT:

appendix, cecum, terminal ileum, proximal ascending colon, right half of rectum, right half of anus, distal right ureter, right half of bladder, inferior right psoas

Name 8 organs in the LEFT LOWER QUADRANT:

distal descending colon, sigmoid colon, left half of rectum, left half of anus, distal left ureter, left half bladder, most of the ileum, inferior left psoas

What are the upper regions (above L-2)?

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac

What are the middle regions (from L-2 to L-5)?

Right lateral, umbilical, left lateral

What are the lower regions (below L-5)?

Right inguinal (iliac), pubic (hypogastric), left inguinal (iliac)

What are the accessory digestive organs?

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

What are the urinary system organs?

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

What are the two organs that are NOT included in the digestive or urinary system?

adrenal glands, spleen

What are the two muscles in the abdomen?

diaphragm, psoas