Poli Sci - Freedom Matter Test Prep

1st world

Western Bloc (US, NATO, Japan, other industrialized democratic countries

2nd world

Eastern Bloc - (USSR, Eastern Europe, China & other communist countries) 

3rd world

Originally non aligned countries evolved to mean developing countries (Cuba, Brazil, India) 

4th world

Indigenous peoples: Nations within a sovereign state (Aboriginal tribes in Australia and Africa)

Developed country

higher quality of life, stable government and economy, Advanced technology

Developing country

Lower standard of living, Unstable government or economy, Low level of technology access 

Global South

Not democratic, Low technology use, Poor, Rapid population growth, Overstrained social and ecological systems (Vietnam) (Cuba) 

Global North

Democratic, Technologically innovative, Wealthy, Aging population, Low population growth (United States) (Britain) (France)

HDI

Human development index, 1 - best rating, 191 is least, summary measure of human development of average achievements in health, knowledge and standard of living 

GNI

Gross National Income, total amount of money earned by a nation’s people and businesses in one year, measure of economic well being as economic output from nation excluding foreign profits into country is counted 

LIC

Low income countries constitutes to low level of development, less than $1,046 GNI Per Capita, measure of yearly income of each individual 

MIC

middle income countries constitutes to medium level of development, GNI per capita greater than $1,046 and less than $12,695 dollars 

HIC

High Income countries constitutes as high level of development, GNI per capita above $12,695 

Literacy Rate

percentage of the population of a given age group usually in a nation who can read and write, a higher rate constitutes an effective primary education system or literacy program in ratings’s state 

Infant Mortality Rate

Number of infant (individuals less than one year) deaths per 1,000 live births, indicates the overall physical health of a nation or community

GDP per capita

Gross domestic product, average income earned per person in a given area, (country) in a specified year, key indicator of economic performance and used commonly to assess the average living standards in a country or area 

Freedom score

annual scores representing the levels of political and civil rights and liberties in each state and territory, on a scale of 1 = most free and 7 = least free 

Self-determination

Idea of decolonization that says people should be able to determine their own government (endorsed by league of nations), promoted decolonization which led to independence of global south countries

Imperialism

policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force, applies to developing countries because it is the reason why the global south exists

Decolonization

action or process of a state withdrawing from a former colony, leaving it independent, applies to developing countries because it is when these colonial empires became independent

Mercantilism

Imperialism theories 1600’s to 1700’s, fueled imperialism which is why we have a global south, heavy government regulation of economy, merchants and states work together, encourage exports and limit imports

Classical Liberalism

Imperialism theories 1800’s to WWII, fueled imperialism which is why we have a global south, social and economic benefits when individuals pursue their own interests, supply and demand is invisible hand of unregulated marketplace, Laissez faire (let it be) economics

Neocolonialism

The use of economic, political, cultural or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies

Marxism

economic theories for imperialism (why did it happen), imperialism caused the global south to exist, marxism is when you it is understood that imperialism is an inevitable consequence of capitalism

Tariff

tax on imported goods

Monetary policy

set of actions available to a nation's central bank to achieve sustainable economic growth like managing money supply and interest rates to overcome things like inflation, and low demand 

Fiscal policy

use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy, like if the government wanted to increase spending, it would decrease taxes 

Federal Reserve Board

governing body of the federal reserve system who is charge of making monetary policy, it supervises and regulates banks and other financial institutions to ensure the safety of the nationals banking and financial system

Mixed Economy

an economic system that combines aspects of both capitalism and socialism, most of the world's economies are mixed

Command Economy

the central government dictates the level of production of goods and controls their distribution and prices

Default

 failure to make required or principal repayments on a debt, when the US goes into a debt default it means it cannot make the interest payments on its debt in time

Absolute monarchy

a rule by one person who is the monarch and whose actions are not restricted by law or custom, unlimited 

Constitutional monarch

where leader is symbolic and constitution allocates rest of government's power to legislature - limited 

Democratic Republic

a system of government based upon democracy and republicanism,

Dictatorship

a system of government where one person is charge of all affairs - unlimited

What is the approximate national debt of the US?

31 trillion 

What is the process for approving the US national budget?

the president submits their budget request then the house committee on the budget and the senate committee on the budget each write their own budget resolutions and may or may not take presidents recommendations, the house and senate iron out the differences, the president signs the new budgets

What is a choropleth map and how do you read it?

A choropleth map is used to represent statistical data using color mapping, like certain areas are shaded certain colors to represent the the scale of a value, you read it by understanding which values are highest and lowest and what color they represent on the scale and compare it with the mapped color image. 

National debt

amount of debt that a country is in to investors and other parties money was borrowed from, disadvantages include higher inflation, slower economic growth and greater political imbalances, advantages include greater standard of living, more social programs and pensions. 

Free-trade

The idea that international trade without tariffs or quotas (restrictions), reduce and eliminate tariffs from other countries, increased access to expensive or higher quality foreign goods, disadvantages are less tax revenue, unhealthy working conditions due to competing with higher competition and economic damage to some countries 

Protectionism

The theory or practice of protecting a country’s domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports, risks are a small choice for consumer and increase in prices due to lack of competition, benefits are encourages domestic investment in specific industries fueling the nation's economy