Cell Parts and Functions

 What does the term organelle mean?

Organelles are the smaller parts inside a cell that each have special functions needed for the cell’s life processes.

What functions do organelles serve for the cell?

Organelles maintain all the cell’s life processes, including:

intake of nutrients

movement

growth

response to stimuli

exchange of gases

waste removal

reproduction

Cell membrane

– Both

A protective barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Cytoplasm

– Both

Jelly-like material that fills the cell and supports organelles.

Nucleus

– Both

Control center of the cell that contains DNA

Vacuole

– Both (large central vacuole in plants)

Stores water, nutrients, and wastes.

Vesicle

– Both

Small sacs that transport and store materials.

Mitochondria

– Both

The powerhouse of the cell; makes energy.

Lysosomes

– Animal

Digest waste, bacteria, and damaged organelles.

Golgi apparatus

– Both

Sorts and packages proteins for transport.

Rough ER

– Both

Transports materials and makes proteins (has ribosomes).

Smooth ER

– Both

Makes fats/oils and detoxifies chemicals.

Ribosomes

– Both

Build proteins.

Cytoskeleton

– Both

(You had "plant," but cytoskeleton is in both.)
Supports cell shape and movement.

Cell wall

– Plant

Rigid outer layer for strength and protection.

Chloroplasts

– Plant

Do photosynthesis to make sugar.

Cilia & Flagella

– Animal

Help the cell move.

Centrioles

– Animal

Help organize cell division.

Plant cells

• Have a cell wall

• Contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis

• One large central vacuole

• Store energy as starch or oils

• No centrioles

Animal cells

• No cell wall

• No chloroplasts

• Small vacuoles

• Store energy as glycogen or fats

• Have centrioles