Pathology

How is hypoglycemia dx

Blood glucose under 70mg/dL and causes shakiness

T/F: Age has no relation to xerostomia

T

What is HPV 6

Genital warts

What 2 conditions cause bifid ribs

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma and gorlin goltz

T/F: Type 2 diabetes does nothing to the pancreas

T

What does multiple sclerosis do

Oligodendrocyte injury and demyelination

What is cellulitis

Maxillary odontogenic infection that is firm, hot, swollen, and doughy

What are symptoms of congenital syphilis

Mulberry molars, hutchinson incisors, keratisis, peg shaped laterals

What would a serology test on a pt with acute Hep B look like

HBsAg, anti-Hbc, IgM anti-HBc

T/F: Pts do not feel symptoms in the early stages of hypertension

T

What lesion presents with cafe-au-lait spots

McCune-Albright syndrome/fibrous dysplasia

What is Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

VZV rash that does not cross the midline and causes shingles and facial paralysis

How are Bence Jones proteins tested

Urine

What can deep vein thrombosis caused if tx with apixaban

Petechiae

Where do primary herpatic lesions become latent

Trigeminal ganglion

What does VZV cause

Shingles, pain, and unilateral scabbing

What is the normal amount of WBC’s in the body

4.5-11×10³

Taking ginger increases the risk of what

Bleeding

What is the normal hemoglobin level

12-15g/dL

What is the most common form of hypertension that has no cause

Essential hypertension

How is angina differentiated from MI

The duration of pain

What is Sturge-Weber syndrome

Angiomas (red/purple lesions), seizures, intellectual disabilities, and glaucoma

What is scleroderma

Systemic lupus erythematous, thick skin, telangiectasias, and wide PDL

What is steven johnson syndrome

Type 4 hypersensitivity, flu-like symptoms, rash, and follows ingestion of antibiotics

T/F: If a pt has chronic Hep C, you need to adjust the local anesthetic

T

What is hyperthyroidism

Excessive thyroid hormone, caused by Graves disease, heat intolerance, weight loss, anxiety, and tachycardia

What are symptoms of endocrine disorder

Constipation, dry skin, and fatigue

What is cachexia

Loss of muscle and fat mass

What is primary syphilis

Single painless chancre (clean base and indurated) at the inoculation site. The lesion can heal but the infection persists without tx. Causes regional lymphadenopathy

What is secondary syphilis

Oral patches, maculopapular rash on palms and soles, fever, malaise, and a sore throat

What is tertiary syphilis

Gumma with CNS and cardiovascular involvement

T/F: Bisphosphonates are used to tx multiple mylenoma

T

Radiation doses above 50 gray increase the risk of developing what condition

Osteoradionecrosis

What can poor uncontrolled diabetes lead to

End stage renal disease (uremic frost and cognitive impairment)

What is hodgkin lymphoma

Reed sternberg cells, painless swelling, weight loss, fever, night sweats

What is cirrhosis

Decrease in fibrinogen, albumin, and platelets while increasing bleeding time

What is type 4 hypersensitivity

Cell-mediated and onset takes days

What does GERD and black lung disease do histologically

Casues simple squamous and ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium in airways

What is Gullian Barre syndrome

Affects the PNS, muscle weakness, tingling, fatigue, and occurs after an infection or vaccination

What is necrotizing faciitis

Bacterial infection, tissue destruction, systemic toxicity, pain, swelling, redness, fever, low BP, and ulcers

What is melkerson rosenthal syndrome

Facial edema, redness, especially in the lips, facial muscle palsy, fissured tongue.

Remember “Mell Bell” and “rosy red”

What is the range for elevated BP

120/80

What is the range for stage 1 hypertension

130/80

What is the range for stage 2 hypertension

140/90

What is the range for a hypertensive crisis

180/120

T/F: Antibiotic prophylaxis is needed when working with mucosal tissue

T

What does HBA1c measure

Blood glucose level over 3 months

Where do adenocarcinoma originate from

Glandular tissues

Where do sarcomas originate from

Connective tissue

Where does hodgkins originate from

Lymphatic tissue

Where does multiple mylenoma and leukemia originate from

Bone marrow

T/F: Smoking is associated with pneumonia, asthma, COPD, and sarcoidosis

F, it is not associated with sarcoidosis

What can rheumatoid arthiritis cause

Amyloidosis which causes tongue enlargement

What are the initial multiple sclerosis symptoms

Constipation, diplopia (double vision), and dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

Describe steven johnson syndrome

Type 4 hypersensitivity rxn, triggered by medication or illness, fever, aches, rashes, skin pain and peeling, and blisters

What conditions is Methotrexate used for

Systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and sjogren syndrome

How can multiple mylenoma be dx

M-spike proteins in the blood and bence jones proteins in urine

What doe megakaryocytes do and what can they cause

Make platelets and if abnormal can cause bleeding disorders

How does VZV mimic dental pain

It affects the trigeminal nerve

What is cretinism caused by and what are some symptoms

Hypothyroidism. Causes intellectual disabilities, small stature, and a thick face

What are systemic effects of multiple mylenoma

Increases calcium, causes renal failure, anemia, and bone damage

“CRAB”

T/F: Multiple sclerosis is a autoimmune condition

T

T/F: Trigeminal neuralgia has multiple trigger zones, is unilateral, and occurs along a specific trigeminal division

T

What is Van der Woude syndrome

Lower lip pits, cleft lip with or without a cleft palate, or just a cleft palate

What is the pierre robinson sequence

Micrognathia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction

What 2 medications can cause xerostomia

Metoprolol and escitalopram

What is type 1 diabetes associated with

Autoimmunity

Which type of von willebrand poses the highest risk for extractions

Type 3

What is barret esophagus

When squamous lining is replaced with intestinal type columnar epithelium. Caused by stomach acid reflux, obesity, smoking, and not spicy foods

What is omeprazole used for

GERD

What is the main pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction

What are oligodendroglial disorders

Multiple sclerosis, ocular disturbances, autonomic dysfunction, and muscle weakness

What is used to test for Tuberculosis

Purified protein derivative, if positive it’s a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction

What is scarlet fever

Systemic illness from step, red rash, high fever, and sore throat (pharyngitis)

What are Janeway lesions

Associated with the acute form of infective endocarditis. Painless hemorrhagic macules on palms or soles of feet

How does HIV affect CD4 and CD8 cells

Decreases CD4 cells and increases CD8 (CD8 killds viral infections)

A-a fibers detect what

Proprioception

A-B fibers detect what

Touch, pressure, and virbations

A-gamma fibers detect what

Sharp pain and cold

C fibers detect what

Burning, aching, slow pain, and dull

What is teratology of fallout

Right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and ventricular septal defect

Scurvy affects what type of bone due to a lack of vitamin c

Alveolar

What is osteomalacia

Bone softening, vitamin D deficiency, causes osteoblasts to increase serum alkaline phosphatase for mineralization

What are type 3 hypersensitivity reactions

Immune complex mediated including systemic lupus erythematous

Where is lung and breast cancer most likely to metastasize to

The brain

What is the cardinal feature of chronic bronchial asthma

Elevated mucus production by goblet cells which contributes to its morbidity and mortality

Type 1 diabetes destroys what type of cells

Pancreatic beta cells which decreases beta cells which decreases insulin

What is von willebrand disease

Decreased coagulation factors, autosomal dominant inheritance, excessive bruising and bleeding

What was pneuomocystic pneumonia 1st associated with

HIV because it is opportunistic

T/F: Functional heart mumur is not a risk for cardiovascular disease

T

What is phenylketonuria

Light hair, intellectual disability, skin rashes, and microcephaly

Mumps is inflammation of what gland

Parotid

T/F: Teratology of fallout is idiopathic

T

What is the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in kids

Adenotonsillar hyperthrophy

What is Rubeola/measles

Koplik spots, coryza (runny nose), cough, conjunctivitis, and red rash

What is pagets disease

Cotton wool skull and increased risk of osteosarcoma

What is melasma

Spots of dark pigmentation from the sun, hormones, genetics, meds, or pregnancy

Blood creatinine is regulated by what

Kidneys

Multiple mylenoma can cause amyloidosis which can cause what

Biventricular wall hyperthrophy

Which HPV has the most common high risk for oropharyngeal cancer

HPV 16