Lab Practical 2

\*In diffusion, what is the net movement of substances?

HIgh concentration to Low concentration

what is in the baggie

how do u know?

Iodine and starch

you know b/c iodine stained the starch blue/black

what is in the beaker

how do u know?

Iodine

Iodine is yellow

what is in the baggie

how do u know?

Iodine

Iodine is yellow

what is in the beaker

how do u know?

Iodine and starch

you know b/c iodine stained the starch blue/black

(starch and Iodine lab) What moved through the baggie?

Iodine

(starch and Iodine lab) by what process was the substance moved?

Diffusion.

The iodine moved from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Name the two substances in a 10% NaCl solution.

Water and Salt

(NaCl solution lab) Which substance is the solute

salt

(NaCl solution lab) Which substance is the solvent

water

How do potato slices feel if the cells have been soaked in distilled water?

stiff

Is distilled water hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic to the potato cells?

hypotonic

Have the potato cells lost or gained water when in distilled water?

gained water

Are the potato cells turgid or plasmolyzed in distilled water?

turgid

How do potato slices feel if the cells have been soaked in the 10% NaCl?

Limp, flimsy

Is the 10% NaCl hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic to the potato cells?

hypertonic

Have the potato cells lost or gained water when in 10% NaCl?

lost

Are the potato cells turgid or plasmolyzed in 10% NaCl?

plasmolyzed

What molecule moved in or out of the potato cells? By what process?

Molecule: water

Process: Osmosis

Which solution is hypotonic to blood cells?

distilled water

0\.9% NaCl

10% NaCl

distilled water

Which solution is hypertonic to blood cells?

distilled water

0\.9% NaCl

10% NaCl

10% NaCl

Do blood cells gain or lose water in a hypotonic solution?

gain

Are hypotonic cells crenated or hemolyzed?

hemolyzed

How does a test tube of blood appear when cells are in a hypotonic solution, cloudy red or clear red?

clear

Do blood cells gain or lose water in a hypertonic solution?

lose water

Are hypertonic cells crenated or hemolyzed?

crenated

How does a test tube of blood appear when cells are in a hypertonic solution, cloudy red or clear red?

cloudy red

what is the concentration of an isotonic NaCl solution to blood cells.

10%

What effect does an isotonic solution have on blood cells?

No effect (optimal solution)

(blood cells) What molecule moved in or out of the cells? By what process?

Water by Osmosis

Which is the hypotonic solution? Distilled water or the 10% salt water?

Distilled Water

Which is the hypertonic solution? Distilled water or the 10% salt water?

10% salt water

Elodea leaf in what solution?

water / 10% NaCl?

what moved & In what direction?

Turgid or Plasmolyzed?

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How do you know?

* Hypertonic
* in 10% NaCl
* water moves out by osmosis
* Plasmolyzed

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The chloroplast is pulled to the center of cell (NOT HAPPY)

Elodea leaf in what solution?

water / 10% NaCl?

what moved & In what direction?

Turgid or Plasmolyzed?

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How do you know?

* Hypotonic
* distilled water
* water moves in by osmosis
* Turgid

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Chloroplast away from center against plasma membrane (central vacuole fills with water HAPPY)

What molecule moved into or out of the Elodea cells? By what process?

Water by osmosis

2H2O2 → catalase → 2H2O + O2

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what is the reactant(s) (subrates) in the reaction?

2H2O2

Hydrogen Peroxide

2H2O2 → catalase → 2H2O + O2

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what is the product(s) in the reaction?

2H2O + O2

Oxygen and Water

2H2O2 → catalase → 2H2O + O2

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what is the enzyme in the reaction?

catalase

(Chemical reactions)

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In your experiments, how did you know if a reaction had taken place?

presence of bubbles

(Chemical reactions)

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What was the source of the enzyme you used in your experiments?

Potato Juice

(Chemical reactions)

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After the reaction was completed, what liquid remained in the test tube?

Catalase and water

(Chemical reactions)

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During the reaction, what gas was released in the bubbles?

Oxygen

(Chemical reactions)

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What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?

It wont function

(Chemical reactions)

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What conditions denature most enzymes?

Extreme temperatures and pH levels

Will a reaction take place or not? Explain.

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hydrogen peroxide + catalase

Yes

contains substrate(2H2O2) + enzyme(catalase)

Will a reaction take place or not? Explain.

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water + hydrogen peroxide

No

No enzyme present

Will a reaction take place or not? Explain.

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catalase + sucrose

No

Sucrose is not a substrate for catalase

Will a reaction take place or not? Explain.

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Catalase at 0C + hydrogen peroxide

Yes

but slower reaction since cooler temp

Will a reaction take place or not? Explain.

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catalase at room temperature (22C) + hydrogen peroxide

Yes

contains substrate(2H2O2) + enzyme(catalase)

Will a reaction take place or not? Explain.

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catalase in a water bath 37C + hydrogen peroxide

Yes

contains substrate(2H2O2) + enzyme(catalase)

Will a reaction take place or not? Explain.

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boiled catalase + hydrogen peroxide

No

Extreme temp denatured enzyme

Will a reaction take place or not? Explain.

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catalase + hydrogen peroxide + water(pH 7)

Yes

contains substrate(2H2O2) + enzyme(catalase)

Will a reaction take place or not? Explain.

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catalase + hydrogen peroxide + HCl(pH 3)

No

pH to low (acidic) Extreme: denatured

Will a reaction take place or not? Explain.

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catalase + hydrogen peroxide + NaOH(pH 11)

No

pH to high (basic) Extreme: denatured

Tube A: 1cm of Catalase + 4cm of Hydrogen peroxide

Tube B: 2cm of Catalase + 4cm of Hydrogen peroxide

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Which will have a bigger reaction? Explain.

Tube B

b/c it has more active sites available

Does liver contain catalase?

Yes

How did you prove that liver contains catalase in lab?

test tube filled with bubbles (water + oxygen)

Is the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase an endergonic or an exergonic reaction? How did you find out in lab?

Exergonic b/c heat was released

Is catalase reusable? How did you prove this in lab?

Yes

Enzyme is NOT used up b/c reaction starts back up if adding more Hydrogen peroxide

If a test tube of catalase and H2Os were left to run for 20 min, what substance(s) would remain in the test tube?

Catalase and water

What cell organelle is involved in photosynthesis?

Chloroplasts

What is the general equation for photosynthesis?

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Chloroplast model

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What is pointed?

Thylakoid (light)

Chloroplast model

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What is pointed?

Granum

Chloroplast model

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What is pointed?

Stroma (dark)

Chloroplast model

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What is pointed?

Outer membrane

Chloroplast model

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What is pointed?

Inner membrane

Chloroplast model

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What is pointed?

DNA

What is the purpose of chromatography?

A technique that separates different chemicals in a solution (pigments were separated)

In chromatography what solvent is used in the separation?

or

chromatography solution?

Petroleum Ether

In chromatography what 4 pigments are present in the leaves?

Chlorophyll b

Chlorophyll a

xanthophyll

beta-carotene

Be able to identify each pigment on the chromatogram.

A - beta-carotene

B - xanthophyll

C - Chlorophyll a

D - Chlorophyll b

In chromatography which pigment is most soluble in the solvent?

beta-carotene

(traveled the furthest)

In chromatography which pigment is least soluble in the solvent?

Chlorophyll b

(traveled the least)

In chromatography, how is the Rf value calculated?

distance traveled by the pigment

\+

distance traveled by the solvent

In chromatography which pigment has the lowest Rf value?

Chlorophyll b

In chromatography which pigment has the highest Rf value?

Beta-carotene

What is the general equation for cellular respiration?

What cell organelle is involved in cellular respiration?

Mitochondria

What gas is being used by the plant in cellular respiration?

Oxygen

what do we breath out?

CO2

In cellular respiration Is the ATP being made aerobically or anaerobically?

Aerobically

What is more efficient? Cellular or Fermentation?

Cellular

yeast fermentation formula

In fermentation is ATP being made aerobically or anaerobically?

anaerobically

(doesn’t require O2)

What organism is doing the fermenting?

Yeast

What gas is released during fermentation?

CO2

fermentation took place in which of the following tube

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yeast + glucose

Yes

(BIGGEST bubbles) so.. ferments the best

fermentation took place in which of the following tube

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yeast + lactose

No

(no bubbles + yeast is lactose intolerant)

fermentation took place in which of the following tube

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yeast + sucrose

Yes

bubbles

fermentation took place in which of the following tube

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yeast + water

No

water is control

no bubbles

Which of the above is the control for the fermentation experiment? Explain.

Water b/c no bubbles

How would you recognize the volumeter that was fermenting best? Explain.

Glucose b/c it was the one that had the biggest bubbles

?????What gas is in the bubble at the top of the fermenting test tubes?

CO2

Interphase

Interphase DNA?

Chromatin

Prophase

Prophase DNA?

Sister Chromatids

Prometaphase

Prometaphase DNA?

Sister chromatids