Chemistry Chapter Three Quiz

crystalline solid

atoms/molecules are in geometric patterns

amorphous solid

atoms/molecules do not have long range order

gas is…

compressible because of the lack of contact between molecules

when pressure changes…

gas expands

pure substance

composed of only one type of atom/molecule

mixture

composed of two or more different types of atoms/molecules

element

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances - no chemical transformation can change its composition

compound

a pure substance composed of two or more elements

physical property

one that a susbtance displays without changing its compostion

physical property examples

odor, color, boiling point, vaporization

boiling is a…

physical change

chemical property

one that a substance displays by changing its composition

examples of chemical properties

oxidation, anything caused by chemical reaction

factors before and after a chemical reaction

reactants, products

Law of Conservation of Mass

matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, total amount remains constant

what happens to matter in nuclear reactions

significant changes in mass can occur

Law of Conservation of Energy

energy is neither created nor destroyed, total amount is constant

types of energy

kinetic, potential, electrical

Exothermic reaction

energy is released, products have less energy that reactants

endothermic reaction

energy is absorbed, products have more energy than reactants

1 calorie (cal)

4.184 jouled (J)

1 Calorie (Cal)

1000 calories ( c )

temperature

measure of thermal energy

with two temperature scales are the same

celsius and kelvin

what is the lowest temperature to exist

absolute zero

Kelvin =

C + 273.15

Celsius =

K - 273.15 or (F-32)/1.8

Fahrenheit =

(C x 1.8) + 32

Is Fahrenheit smaller or bigger than Celsius

bigger - 5/9 the size

Heat Capacity

the quantity of heat (usually in joules) required to change the temperature of a given amount of the substance by 1 degree C (also kelvin)

specific heat capacity

joules per gram per degree Celsius (J/g degreeC)

which substance has the highest heat capacity on the list and what is it (pretend star is degree symbol)

water, 4.184 J/g *C

Heat =

mass x specific heat capacity x temperature

J = g x (J/grams x celsius) x degrees C can be represented with what equation?

q = mcΔT

if ice is melting, it will remain at the same temperature until all of it has melted

yes