Models for Working With Psychiatric Patients

Vocabulary flashcards covering major therapeutic models, defense mechanisms, Erikson's developmental stages, and cognitive-behavioral interventions from Chapter 7.

Recovery Model

A non-medical approach focused on improving patient competencies, achieving full life potential, and moving toward a meaningful way of life rather than simply curing or alleviating symptoms.

Attachment Theory

A concept stating that humans have a natural tendency to develop intimate emotional bonds throughout life and are motivated by a need for relationships, with psychiatric disorders potentially arising from childhood trauma.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Sigmund Freud's model emphasizing unconscious processes and psychodynamic factors for motivation and behavior.

Self Psychology

A psychoanalytic concept asserting that every human being longs to be appreciated.

Object Relations Theory

A theory stating that individuals relate to others based on expectations formed by early relationship experiences.

Consciousness

Information that is within a person's immediate awareness.

Unconscious

Memories, conflicts, experiences, and material that have been repressed and cannot be recalled at will.

Preconscious

Memories that can be recalled into consciousness with some effort.

Defense Mechanisms

Unconscious psychological strategies used to protect the ego and diminish anxiety when anxiety becomes too painful.

Transference

An unconscious distortion in a relationship where a patient displaces feelings from a past relationship onto a current figure, such as displacing father-directed distrust onto a male psychiatrist.

Projection

Unconsciously or consciously attributing one's own repressed thoughts to someone else, or blaming someone else for one's difficulties.

Denial

An unconscious refusal to admit an unacceptable idea or behavior.

Repression

The unconscious and involuntary forgetting of painful ideas, events, and conflicts.

Suppression

The conscious exclusion from awareness of anxiety-producing feelings, ideas, and situations.

Rationalization

Conscious or unconscious attempts to justify one's feelings or behaviors.

Intellectualization

Conscious or unconscious logical explanations offered without an affective component.

Dissociation

The unconscious separation of painful feelings and emotions from an unacceptable situation, object, or idea.

Identification

A conscious or unconscious attempt to model oneself after a respected person.

Introjection

Unconsciously incorporating the values and attitudes of others as if they were one's own.

Compensation

Consciously covering up for a weakness by overemphasizing or making up a desirable trait.

Sublimation

Consciously or unconsciously channeling instinctual drives into acceptable activities.

Reaction Formation

Conscious behavior that is the exact opposite of an unconscious feeling.

Undoing

Consciously doing something to counteract or make up for a transgression.

Displacement

Unconsciously discharging pent-up feelings to a less threatening object.

Conversion

Unconscious expression of intrapsychic conflict symbolically through physical symptoms.

Regression

Unconscious return to an earlier, more comfortable developmental level.

Developmental Model

Erikson's framework proposing eight interrelated stages over the life cycle, where failure to complete a stage reduces psychological coping ability.

Trust versus Mistrust

Developmental stage occurring from 0 to 18 months focused on developing realistic trust of self and others.

Autonomy versus Shame

Developmental stage occurring from 18 months to 3 years focused on developing self-control and willpower.

Initiative versus Guilt

Developmental stage occurring from 3 to 5 years focused on developing an adequate conscience.

Industry versus Inferiority

Developmental stage occurring from 6 to 12 years focused on developing a sense of competence.

Identity versus Role Diffusion

Developmental stage occurring from 12 to 20 years focused on establishing a confident sense of self.

Intimacy versus Isolation

Developmental stage occurring from 18 to 30 years focused on developing the ability to give and receive love.

Generative Lifestyle versus Stagnation or Self-Absorption

Developmental stage occurring from 30 to 65 years focused on productive, constructive, and creative activity.

Integrity versus Despair

Developmental stage occurring from 65 years to death focused on feelings of self-acceptance.

Interpersonal Model

Sullivan's framework prioritizing interactional over intrapsychic factors, viewing mental illness as a lack of awareness or skills in interpersonal relationships.

Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)

A time-limited therapy (usually 3 months) for depression and mood disorders that addresses stressful social and interpersonal dynamics.

Peplau's Nursing Theory

An application of Sullivan's concepts to nursing that describes the effects of anxiety on perception and learning, aiming to decrease patient insecurity via interpersonal relationships.

Cognitive-Behavioral Model

Therapeutic approach (Beck, Ellis) focused on thinking and behavior, positing that irrational beliefs cause emotional problems.

Rational-Emotive Therapy

A cognitive approach using the A-B-C theory of personality to teach individuals to accept themselves and eliminate self-blame.

Behavioral Therapy (BT)

A therapy built on classical and operant conditioning principles, utilizing techniques like exposure, response prevention, skills training, and systematic desensitization.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

The most evidence-based therapy effective in directly changing behaviors and faulty thinking.

Motivational Enhancement Therapy

A variation of CBT utilizing motivational interviewing to enhance a patient's readiness to change habit patterns related to addictions.

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)

A therapy used to treat borderline personality disorder and complex PTSD that decreases parasuicidal behavior such as self-mutilation and suicide attempts.