Clinical Psychology IV: Personality and Substance Use Disorders

These flashcards cover key concepts from the Clinical Psychology IV lecture material, focusing on personality disorders and substance use disorders.

What are the three clusters of personality disorders categorized by the DSM-5?

Cluster A (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal), Cluster B (antisocial, histrionic, borderline, narcissistic), and Cluster C (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive).

What is the definition of a personality disorder according to the DSM-5?

A consistent, rigid, and profound pattern of inner experiences and behaviors that deviate from societal norms, causing subjective distress or impairments.

What is the primary focus of the ICD-11 in classifying personality disorders?

The ICD-11 adopts a dimensional approach centered around personality traits and their severity rather than a categorical approach.

What is the prevalence rate for paranoid personality disorder?

Approximately 4.3%.

What does 'ego-syntonic' mean in relation to personality disorder traits?

Traits that align with an individual's self-conception and causes no significant distress or self-blame.

What primary neurotransmitter is involved in substance-related addiction disorders?

Dopamine.

Which substance use disorder is associated with severe withdrawal symptoms and cravings following cessation?

Opioid addiction.

What percentage of Americans age 12 and older experienced substance use disorders in 2016?

7.8%.

What is a common symptom of borderline personality disorder?

Instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions.

What type of parenting style is considered a significant risk factor in the development of borderline personality disorder?

Invalidating parenting style.

What is the lifetime prevalence of borderline personality disorder?

Approximately 5.9%.

What is the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders?

Requires the presence of two or more characteristics over at least one year.

What major behavioral addiction involves persistent gambling behavior leading to significant distress?

Gambling disorder.

What is referred to by the term 'anxiolytic effect'?

The reduction or alleviation of anxiety symptoms produced by a substance.

What are hypervalent schemas?

Cognitive frameworks that excessively emphasize and exaggerate certain aspects of information, leading to biased perceptions.

What is the term for the physical and psychological symptoms that occur after stopping the use of a substance?

Withdrawal.

What factors contribute to the development of substance use disorders according to the bio-psycho-social model?

Biological, psychological, and social dimensions.

What is the estimated prevalence of dependent personality disorder?

Around 0.4%.

What substance is known to exert effects on GABA receptors, serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate?

Alcohol.