ANS 395- Equine Skeleton and Muscles

scapula spine

The posterior surface of the scapula (or shoulder blade) has a prominent ridge of bone know as the spine of scapula in fore limb

dorsal border of scapula

the edge of the scapula that is closest to the vertebral column. in fore limb

deltoid tuberosity

V shaped ridge in proximal end of humerus on fore limb before greater tubercle

wing of atlas

on either side of the horse's neck below the poll and behind the jawbone located on C1

nuchal crest

a bony ridge on the back of the skull where neck muscles attach

shelf of ribs

an area where the rib cage slopes downward behind the withers, creating a visible or palpable dip. 

last rib

18th rib on a horse

olecranon

1. a bony prominence at the elbow, on the upper end of the ulna.

proximal sesamoids

located just proximal to fetlock joint on the palmar aspect and embedded within the suspensory ligament.

order of joints in limb of a horse from dorsal to ventral

stifle, hock, fetlock

calcaneus

The protrusion sometimes known as the point of the hock is the calcaneus only on hind limb

tuber ischii

point of buttock

tuber coxae

the lateroventral projection of the wing of ilium

tuber sacrale

highest part of pelvis that you can feel on dorsal end of horse

tibial tuberosity

proximal extremity of the tibia is a cranial elevation called the tibial tuberosity located below the stifle joint

manubrium

the cranial (uppermost) part of the sternum

order of vertebrae

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal

number of vertebrae in horses

7 cervical, 18 thoracic, 6 lumbar, 5 sacral, 15-21 caudal

number of vertebrae in dogs

7 cervical, 13 thoracic, 7 lumbar, 3 sacral, 20-23 caudal

Trapezius

runs along nuchal ligament and extends from T6 to top of humerus

latissimus dorsi

trangular muscle that runs along back and angles back towards humerus, it lies deep to the trapezius

longissimus dorsi

muscle that runs along spine and lies beneath lattisimus dorsi.extends from neck to sacrum to pelvis

rhombodius

lines nuchal ligament(mane) and lies beneath trapezius

splenius

lies deep to rhombodeus and trapezius and gows from nuchal ligament line laterally down the neck to support weight of head

brachiocephalicus

muscle that runs on lateral side of neck from nuchal crest and wing of atlas to deltoid tuberosity

biceps femoris

runs from tuuber ischia and sacrale verterbrae and insert into cranial border of tibia

semitendonosus

lies deep to biceps femoris and goes from sacral vertebrae to the tibia/calcaneus

tensor fascia latae

originates on tuber coxae and moves down leg to femur and top of tibia

middle gluteal

originates from ilium and sacrum and inserts onto the femur near the tuber coxae

triceps

two components that go underneath scapula and lateral head of deltoid tuberosity, insert on olecranon

superficial digital flexor

originates at bottom of humerus and runs down along superficial digital tendon into the hoof

extensor carpi radialis

originates on lateral and bottom end of humerus and insertson distal end of carpus