Psychological Statistics || Module 1

Chi-square test

Statistical test for association between categorical variables

Scale of measurement

Nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio measurement scales

Qualitative Research Design

Focuses on explanations and seeks answers to 'What' and 'How'

Descriptive Research Design

Describes qualities of a data set using numbers

Experimental Research Design

Involves manipulating variables to observe outcomes

Descriptive Statistics

Summarizes data using tables, graphs, and charts

Inferential Statistics

Draws conclusions about a population from a sample

Statistics

Branch of applied mathematics involving data collection, analysis, and inference

Differential and integral calculus

Mathematical theories supporting statistics

Linear algebra

Mathematical theory supporting statistics

Probability theory

Mathematical theory supporting statistics

Interdisciplinary field

Statistics' applicability across scientific fields

Pure guesses

Decisions made without statistical methods

Descriptive statistics

Statistics describing data averages, variability, and relationships

Inferential statistics

Statistics inferring relationships between variables

Hypothesis testing

Using statistical tests to determine relationships between variables

F-test

Statistical test for comparing variances of two or more groups

Qualitative data

Descriptive data without numerical values

Ordinal data

Data following a natural order without determined differences

Quantitative Data

Numerical data representing values like height or weight

Discrete Data

Data with finite, countable values like number of students

Continuous Data

Data with infinite possible values within a specific range

Correlational Research Design

Studies the relationship between variables

Diagnostic Research Design

Identifies the cause of a problem or situation

Educated guesses

Decisions made using statistical methods

Census

Official counting of population data for planning purposes

Categorical data

Data describing features without numerical values

Explanatory Research Design

Seeks to explain why certain phenomena occur

T-test

Statistical test for comparing means between two groups

Nominal data

Data labeling variables without numerical values

Primary Data

Raw data obtained firsthand through experiments or surveys

Secondary Data

Data collected by someone other than the user

Quantitative Research Design

Involves examining variables with numbers and statistics