anxiety

what is anxiety

it is a state of nervousness and worry and causes a negative psychological response to a situation perceived as threatening

what are psychological responses to anxiety and what type of anxiety is this

lack of concentration, nervousness and apprehension and cognitive anxiety

what are physiological responses to anxiety and what type of anxiety is this

sweaty palms, increased blood pressure, muscle tension and somatic anxiety

what are the four types of anxiety

cognitive, somatic, competitive trait and competitive state

what is competitive trait anxiety

the general disposition of an individual to perceive sporting situations as threatening

what is competitive state anxiety

a nervous response to a specific sporting situation

what are three anxiety measures

observations - assessing anxiety through the process of watching the performer and identifying changes in their normal behaviour and physiological measures - assessing changes to the body through the use of equipment and questionnaires - a set of questions used to assess something

what are pros of observations (3)

they are cheap, immediate and can be done anywhere

what are cons of observations (4)

the stress of being observed can cause changes in behaviour, the observer can be bias and have a subjective opinion, observer will need training, the cost for needing multiple observers

what are pros of physiological measures

they are factual so comparisons can easily be made and responses can me measures in training or in real life game situations

what are cons of physiological measures (4)

the training needed to learn how to use devices and the cost could deter amateur performers, wearing measuring devices could restrict movement, awareness of being tested can cause stress

what are pros of questionnaires (5)

they are quick, cheap, efficient and allow large numbers of players to be assessed easily and the sets of results can be compared easily

what are cons of questionnaires (5)

may not understand the question being asked, may give socially desirable questions, answers may depend on mood state, inappropriate questions that lead to a "desired" answer, rushing can result in incorrect responses

what is social inhibition

the negative effect of the presence of others on performance

what is social facilitation

the positive effect of the presence of others on performance

what is evaluation apprehension

the perceived fear of being judged

what can cause anxiety

the persons perception of their ability to cope and the performers perceived importance and demands of the environment

who would experience more anxiety

novice/beginners as they have lack of experience and would feel the pressure from others more

who wouldn't experience anxiety as much

elite performers as they are experienced

describe the relationship of somatic anxiety to performance

inverted u theory as a limited amount of somatic anxiety is fine as performers need to be physically ready for the game but not so relaxed that are over tense

describe the relationship of cognitive anxiety to performance

negative linear as any increase has a detrimental effect on performance

what are the two types of others in social inhibition and facilitation

passive and active others

who are passive others and what do they do

audience and co-actors and they do not exert a direct influence on the performer

who are active others and what do they do

competitive co actors and social reinforcers and they exert a direct influence on the performer

what is an audience

the presence of passive observers whether they are watching at the event of through the mediawh

what are co actors

performers who are independently undertaking the same task but not in direct competition - teammates

what are competitive co actors

performers in direct competition with performer

what are social reinforcers

individuals with a direct influence on the performer - coach

what are strategies to combat social inhibition/evaluation apprehension

players to become familiar with playing in front of a crowd, gradually introduce evaluation, improve focus and concentration, reduce the importance of the event, encourage peer support, avoid social comparisons, over learn skills

how do players becoming familiar with playing in front of a crowd combat social inhibition

by training with an audience present they will become familiar with it so will be able to build up the size and significance gradually

how does gradually introducing evaluation combat social inhibition

the gradual levels of assessment and evaluation can build up skills