Cell membrane and passive and active transport

Another name for cell membrane

plasma membrane

cell membrane is made up of

phospholipids, proteins, carbs, and cholesterol

cell membrane is found in which cells

all cells

cell membrane function

allows things to travel in and out of the cell

phospholipid parts

hydrophilic head, 2 hydrophobic tails

bilayer

2 layers

what direction can phospholipids move

sideways (laterally)

Selectively permeable

Only allowing certain substances to pass through

2 factors to determine the permeability

size and charge/polarity

phospholipid permeability

small and non polar substances

transport proteins

helps getting bigger molecules into the cell

dynamic equilibrium

when small changes are made to keep things balanced

Energy required for passive transport

no

passive transport cells move from

high to low concentration until there is equilibrium

Molecules moving from high to low concentration is called

diffusion

Concentration gradient

A difference of concentration between two regions

equilibrium

when the concentration on both sides of the semipermeable membrane are the same

simple diffusion

molecules move through the membrane without any help from transport proteins

Facilitated diffusion

Transporting larger molecules that need the help of transport proteins to get into the cell

osmosis

The diffusion of water through the cell

energy required for simple diffusion

no

what can go through simple diffusion

small, non polar molecules

energy required for facilitated diffusion

no

what does facilitated diffusion help move

ion/polar and/or larger molecules

ion channels

Allows ions in and out of the cell

aquaporins

helps with osmosis and makes the process go faster

hypotonic

when there is more water outside of the cell than inside

hypertonic

when there is more solute outside the cell than inside

isotonic

when there is an equal balance of solute and water in and out of the cell

hypotonic outcome

Cell will swell and may even bursth

hypertonic outcome

Cell will shrivel up

isotonic outcome

No net movement

what happens if a cell is in a hypertonic solution

Water leaves the cell

what happens if a cell is in a hypotonic solution

Water enters the cell

what happens if a cell is in a isotonic solution

No net movement

does active transport require energy

Yes (ATP)

What does active transport do

moves substances from low to high concentration

Endocytosis

When the cell membrane surrounds substances into a vesicle to be carried through the cell

Phagocytosis

Taking in large solid particles

Pinocytosis

taking in fluids

What does exocytosis do

The cell forms a vesicles around unwanted particles and forces it outside the cell

bulk proteins

Carrying a lot of molecules at once

Pump proteins

moves certain proteins into higher concentrated areas

do pump proteins use energy

yes (ATP)

Sodium-potassium pump

moves sodium and potassium against the concentration gradient. (moving things from low to high concentration)