mem organelles , glycolysis Krebs

ribsomes

PS

rRNA and proteins with large and small subunits

cytoskeleton

cell shape

support

movement /transport

centrioles

organize microtubules for cell divison

centrosome

micotubule organizer center , contain pair centrioles

proteasomes

breaks down damaged and unnesccesary proteins

peroxisomes

detox center - Break down FA

detoxify harmful substances

produce hydrogen peroxide

glyoxysomes

in plants

coverted lipids to carbs then stored

during seed germination

endosomes

transport + sorts molec aftr they enter the cell

lysosomes

intracellular digestion and recycing

contain..

what are 7 examples of single bound organelles

peroxisomes

glyoxysomes

vacuoles

vesicles

endosomes

lysosomes

please give veg very early lucy

structure of lysosomes ,memb …. contain .. ph

lysosomes

single memb

hydrolytic enzymes

acidic pH

4 functions of lysosomes WADI

waste recycling

autophagy

defense

intracellular digestion

inracellular digestion - lysosmes

digest materials taken into cell

autophagy - lysosomes

break down old /damaged organelles

waste recycling - lysosomes

recycle cellular components

defense -lysomes

pathogens

ph of lysosomes and explain

low ph of 4.5 bc proton pumping into membrane to maintain acidic enviro and we need this acidic ph so digestive enzyme can work

what type disease is related to lysosomes

lysosomal storage disease

lysosomal storage is caused by and results in

lysosomal disease

Undigested materials accumulate because lysosomal enzymes are deficient

How does RER help me proteins and what do it add to protein group

RER help newly made proteins for to direct shape and access carbs to produce

Which organelle important in liver and muscle cells

SER

How does SER remove toxins

Modified drugs and poison by making em more water soluble

Why is lots SER in muscle cells

SER stores calcium ions for muscle contact

Secretion pathway 4

RER → Golgi → vesicle → cell memb

3 parts of Golgi Apparatus explain last2

Cisternae

Vesicle

Cis face-faces ER and receive vesicle from ER

Trans face - face plasma membrane and vesicle out ER

Golgi transport: cis - medial Golgi (modifications ) - trans

Mitochondria break down…. through….. produce……

Mitochondria break down fatty acid through beta oxidation produce energy

What in mitochondria increases it surface are

Cisternae

mtDNA stand for. Shape. Codes for

Mitochondria DNA shape circular codes for mitochondrial Proteins

mtDNA inherited by which parent

Mother

Apoptosis

Programmes cell death

Who helps a cell so apoptosis and how

Mitochondria by requesting proteins that activate chain of event that lead to cell death

3 reasons apoptosis is important

Removed damaged cells

Prevent uncontrolled cell growth

Helps normal development occur

Mitochondrial dysfunction associate with metabolic disorder and neurosurgery diseases because no mitichon no ATP non energy to cells

2 that need energy most

Brain cells

Muscle cells

Chloroplasts Found in 2 and 1 some

Plant

Algae

Some protists

Chloroplast type memb

Double membrane

Stroma site of

Calvin cycle

Stroma contains 3

Ribosome

Enzyme

Chloroplast DNA

Thylakoids contain

Electron transport chain

Grana is groups of

Thylakoids

Light dependent reaction, where, produce

Light dependent:

Thylakoids membrane

ATP ,NADPH ,O2

Calvin cycle reaction, where, produce

Calvin cycle

Stroma

Glucose

Light dependent:

Thylakoids membrane

ATP ,NADPH ,O2

Calvin cycle

Stroma

Glucose

2 plastids

Chloroplast

Chromoplasts- pigment

Leucoplasts

Store starch, lips

Internal fluid of mitochondria

Matrix

Important proteins that released by mitochondria and activate apoptosis

Cytochrome c

Mitochondria and chloroplast has ribosome

Anabolic processes build…requires…

Anabolic processes build complex molecule from simple molecule requires ATP

Small molecule of DNA replication

Nucleotides

Glycogen synthesis :

Glucose join → glycogen storage carbohydrates in animals store in liver, muscle

Anabolic

Catabolic

Glycolysis at

Cytoplasm

Glycolysis catabolism …. To…..

Glycolysis : glucose —> 2 pyruvate. ATP . NADH

Krebs cycleb anabolism …..to……

Krebs cycle : pyruvate —> acetyl CoA .NADH.CO2

Oxidative phosphorylation where. produce.

Oxidative phosphorylation : inner mitochon memb. . ATP. Water

ETC location

Inter mitochondrial matrix

Who 2 carries electrons in respitration

NADH , FADH2

Glycolysis anabolism or catabolism

Catabolism

Photosynthesis anabolism or catabolism

Anabolism

ATP energy for anabolic putting together processes

When process came taken on their own so ATP Portuguese energy this called cutsie

Energy coupling

ATP Produce energy and also does cell signalling

Catabolism energy released use to make ATP