ECH Final Review

Who was Ireanaous?

Bishop of Lyons who created a better criterion for canons. Said that they must be apostolic, the correct teaching, old, and have widespread use in the 4 corners of the world

Who was Ignatius of Antioch?

Wrote several letters emphasizing church authority and the eucharist. wrote the Two Ways emphasizing life and death and gave instructions of baptism, fasting, prayer, and celebrating the Lord’s Supper

Who was Justin Martyr?

an apologetics writer who said that the Word is the “prism” in which the invisible God creates all things in life. Reason is Jesus

Who was Tertullian?

One of the first to outline the faith systematically and the first to use the term “trinitas/trinity,” saying that there were 3 natures that co-exist but are unmixed

Who was Origen?

The first systematic Theologian. Said that the worse you are, the more physical you are.

Who was Arius?

Believed Christ wasn’t 100% divine or equal to the Father, was the reason the church had to create the Nicene Creed and publicly affirm the Trinity

Who was Athanasious?

Author of “On the Incarnation” and affirmed the trinity. Huge defender of the Nicene Creed.

When was the Council of Ephesus?

431

What did the Council of Ephesus do?

affirmed Mary as theostokos and rejected Nestorian’s ideas

When was the Council of Chalcedon?

451

What did the Council of Chalcedon do?

affirmed Jesus’ 100% humanity and 100% divinity being co-existing but unmixing

When was the Council of Toledo?

589

What did the Council of Toledo do?

added the Filioque to the apostles creed

Who was Gregory of Nyssa and what did he believe?

bishop and cappadocian father who defended the Nicene Creed and the trinity. Wrote the Atonement theory and said the trinity can’t be separated and that the works of the trinity outside themselves are united

Who was Augustine of Hippo and what did he believe?

He wrote the City of Man/God philosophy and believed in Original Sin/Concupiscence.

Who was Justinian?

Emperor of the Eastern Orthodox Church and led the Byzantine empire. Built lots of monasteries and the Haega Sophia

what is an atonement theory?

how does the crucifixion and resurrection work to give us grace?

Who was Anselm of Canterbury?

Wrote the satisfaction theory and the ontological argument

Who was Thomas Aquinas?

An Italian Dominican man who taught the clergy and write the 5 ways. said that reason was good, not bad

What was the Unam Sanctum?

A document type thing put out by Pope Boniface that gave absolute power to the pope and denied salvation outside of the church

When was the Council of Constance?

1414

What did the Council of Constance do?

rejected both popes and elected a new one and calls for reoccurring councils every 10 years

Who was Martin Luther?

augustinian monk who believed forgiveness was justified through God’s justification of sinners apart from work. Wrote the 5 Solas and 95 Thesis

Who was pope urban ?

the pope during the great schism and called for the crusades

Ignatius of Loyola

was a soldier turned monk who led the Jesuits

When was the Council of Trent?

1545

What did the Council of Trent do?

agreed with original sin, stops indulgences $, and affirmed the number of sacraments as well as latin mass