APUSH WW1

Imperialism

A policy or practice by which a powerful nation extends its control over weaker territories or nations

Isolationism

Avoid military and political entanglements with other countries, staying neutral, avoid entaglements in foreign conflicts.

Factors prompting imperialism 

Need to expand territory, show their strength, economic interests, and compete with rival nations.

Washington and Neutrality

Washington said that he didn’t want to get involved in other countries’ foreign affairs and didn’t want to be pulled into wars

Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. foreign policy that opposed European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere, declaring that any intervention in the political affairs of the Americas by foreign powers was a potentially hostile act against the U.S

Open Door Policy 

The Open Door Policy stated that all nations, including the United States, could enjoy equal access to the Chinese market

Roosevelt Corollary

An attachment to the Monroe doctrine which states that the U.S can intervene into a country if the country within the Western Hemisphere was acting irresponsibly politically and economically.

Yellow Journalism

Exaggerated newspaper reports & emotional, eye catching headlines to boost circulation, famously fueling public support for the Spanish-American War

Spanish-American War (1898)

It began with the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the U.S. acquiring sovereignty over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, and establishing a protectorate over Cuba.

The Philippines

US acquired it through the Treaty of Paris

Emilio Aguinaldo

He was the Philippines’ first president and led the fight for independence

Anti-Imperialist League

Opposed US overseas expansion and the annexation of the Philippines. Argued it violated American ideals of self government and democracy

Big Stick Diplomacy

Theodore Roosevelt - policy of negotiating peacefully while having a strong military to back up demands

Moral Diplomacy

Woodrow Wilson - Proritized American democratic values, self determination over imperialistic interests

Woodrow Wilson

Led America through WW1, League of nations advocate for world peace

William J. Bryan

Advocated for American neutrality

Theodore Roosevelt

Trust busting, Panama canal, big stick Diplomacy,

Herbert Hoover

Led the American Relief Administration

George Creel

Led United States Committee on Public Information

Henry C. Lodge

initially supported American entry into the war but post war led Senate opposition to the Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations because of sovereignty concerns

Eugene Debs

co-founded the Socialist Party, workers rights, anti war

Charles Schenck

schenck cchallenged espionage act, arressted for distributing leaflets opposing draft, “clear and present danger” test for free speech

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

assasinated and sparked WW1

Sussex Pledge

Promise by Germany to the US to stop unrestricted submarine warfare, Germany broke pledge later

Wilson’s War Message (1917)

Asked for a declaration of war against Germany, not for revenge but principles, fight for democracy

Conscription (Selective Service Act)

draft

War Industries Board

directing industrial production to supply the military with essential war materials like weapons, tanks, and supplies

Espionage Act

no obstructing military recruitment

Sedition Act

criminalized "false, scandalous, and malicious writing" against the government

19th Amendment

granted women the right to vote by prohibiting the federal and state governments from denying the right to vote based on gender

14 points

Wilson: end secret deals, free trade & seas, less weapons, self-determinatino colonies, league of natinos

Treaty of Versailles

Ended WW1 formally, harsh terms territory losses military restrictions large reparations held Germany solely responsible. Established league of nations

Central Powers (Triple Alliance)

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Allies (Triple Entente)

France, Russia, and Great Britain

League of Nations

to ensure world peace but ultimately failed due to lack of enforcement power and major countries not joining

Irreconcilables

US Senators completely rejected the Treaty of Versailles and membership in the viewing it as a threat to American sovereignty and war powers

Reservationists

led by Henry Cabot lodge, supported the treaty of Versailles and joining the league of nations but only with significant amendments that protected American soverignty