anatomy, physiology, homeostasis, and the chemistry of life

anatomy

structure

study of the internal and external parts of the body

physiology

function

how living organisms perform their vital functions

cytology

cells and their functions

histology

tissues and their structures

pathology

the study of disease

cyt(o)

cell

bi, di

two

tri

three

quad

four

blast

sprout

peri

around

ex, extra, exo

out

intra, endo

inside

epi

above, upon

hyper

more

hypo

less, below

itis

inflammation

my(o)

muscle

osteo

bone

six levels of structural organization (smaller to larger/more complex)

1) chemical: atoms-molecules

2) cellular: specification, protein filaments

3) tissue: combination of cells

4) organ: combination of tissues

5) system: combination of interactive organs

6) organism: combination of organ systems resulting in a living subject

metabolism

the chemical reactions occurring in the cells and tissues of the body

anabolism

synthesis of new molecules within the body’s cells or tissues

catabolism

decomposition of complex molecules wi

homeostasis

the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite greater changes in its external environment

control systems involved in maintaining homeostasis

receptor

-responds to changes in the environment and sends information

control center

-determines set point and analyzes information

effector

-provide a means for response to the stimulus

negative feedback

reverses a change to bring things back toward normal (ex. body temp)

positive feedback

increases a change instead of reversing it (ex. child birth)