Araling Panlipunan Study Guide Flashcards

Comprehensive question and answer practice flashcards based on the condensed Araling Panlipunan reviewer covering river valley civilizations, physical geography, land and water forms, climate, and ancient social structures.

What were the two major cities of the Indus River Valley Civilization known for grid-system urban planning?

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

What primary construction material was used for buildings in the Indus Civilization?

Kiln-baked bricks (lutong laryo)

What writing system was developed by the Indus Civilization?

Indus/Harappan Script, which consists of symbols and pictures

Which river is known as the "Duyan ng Kabihasnang Tsino" (Cradle of Chinese Civilization)?

Huang He (Yellow River)

What was the legendary first dynasty of China founded by Yu?

Xia

Which Chinese dynasty introduced the Mandate of Heaven (Tianming)?

Zhou

What ancient Chinese writing system was carved on turtle shells and animal bones?

Oracle Bone Script

What is the complete chronological sequence of Chinese dynasties listed in the notes?

Xia → Shang → Zhou → Qin → Han → Sui → Tang → Song → Yuan → Ming → Qing/Manchu

Why was the Nile River called the "Regalo ng Nile" (Gift of the Nile)?

Because of its great importance to agriculture and survival

During which period of ancient Egypt was the Pyramid of Giza by Khufu constructed?

Lumang Kaharian (Old Kingdom)

Who were three famous rulers during the Bagong Kaharian (New Kingdom) of Egypt?

Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, and Ramses II

What system of writing using pictures and symbols was developed by ancient Egyptians?

Hieroglyphics

What are the Greek root words of "Heograpiya" and their meanings?

Geo meaning earth (daigdig), and Graphien meaning description or writing (paglalarawan o pagsusulat)

What is the exact order of the seven continents from largest to smallest?

Asya → Africa → Hilagang Amerika → Timog Amerika → Antartika → Europa → Australia/Oceania

Which continent is the second largest in size and population, contains the most countries, and is rich in gold and diamonds?

Africa

Which continent is described as a large triangle divided by Hudson Bay and the Gulf of Mexico?

Hilagang Amerika

Which continent is covered in ice, has no permanent inhabitants, and hosts scientists?

Antartika

How is a mountain (bundok) distinguished from a hill (burol) in the notes?

A mountain is high and steep (mataas at matarik), while a hill is lower and gentler than a mountain (mas mababa at banayad kaysa bundok).

How is a plateau (talampas) defined?

High but flat land (mataas ngunit patag na lupa)

What is the difference between a bay (look) and a gulf (golpo)?

A bay is a part of the sea partially surrounded by land, whereas a gulf is surrounded by land on three sides.

What is a strait (kipot)?

A narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of water (makitid na daanang tubig na nag-uugnay sa dalawang malalaking anyong tubig)

Which crops are suitable for a warm climate according to the study notes?

Palay (rice), niyog (coconut), saging (banana), and tubo (sugarcane)

What is the social structure of Ancient India from highest to lowest rank?

Raja → Pari → Mandirigma → Magsasaka → Mangangalakal → Artisano → Manggagawa

What were the primary responsibilities of the Raja in ancient Indian society?

Serving as the ruler of the kingdom/city-state with political and military power

What is the social structure of Ancient Egypt from highest to lowest rank?

Pharaoh → Maharlika/Mataas na Opisyal → Eskriba → Artisano → Magsasaka → Manggagawa → Alipin

What was the role of scribes (eskriba) in ancient Egyptian society?

Recording documents and teaching writing

What is the social structure of Ancient China from highest to lowest rank?

Emperador → Mga Opisyal (Mandarin) → Sundalo → Magsasaka → Artisano → Mangangalakal → Alipin

How was the Emperor characterized in Ancient China?

The highest leader, considered the Son of Heaven (Anak ng Langit), holding absolute power

What were the educated officials who implemented laws and policies in China called?

Mandarin (Mga Opisyal)

What were the three main social classes in Sumerian society?

Mataas na Uri (Upper Class), Karaniwang Uri (Common Class), and Mababang Uri (Lower Class)

Which roles constituted the Mataas na Uri (Upper Class) in Sumerian society?

Pari (Priests), May-ari ng Lupa (Landowners), and Opisyal ng Pamahalaan (Government Officials)

What were the reasons an individual could become a slave (alipin) in Sumerian society?

Being captured in war or paying off debts through service