Environmental Science and Life Cycle Assessment Key Concepts
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74 Terms
Can a grade excluded class be used as a required class to graduate?
No, it counts but does not affect GPA.
Is it possible to use a S/U grade as a required class to graduate?
Only in the case of a PE course.
What is the definition of 'Sustainable Development' according to the Brundtland Report?
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
How has the world improved in the last 200 years?
Greatly improved in relation to poverty, education, health, and child mortality.
What environmental issue in the 1930s led to the creation of the Soil Conservation Society?
Large dust storms.
What is the cadmium concentration in River B if River D has a concentration of 2 μg/l and the flow rates for Rivers A, B, and C are 2.7 m3/s, 8.4 m3/s, and 7.9 m3/s respectively?
4.52 μg/l.
What must be true for an equation to be dimensionally consistent?
The dimensional exponents must be the same on both sides of the equation.
What happens to the concentration of plastic going to the landfill if the total waste generated increases but 25% is still diverted to recycling?
It would stay the same.
What should the goals of a life cycle assessment include?
Results for comparative assertions, reasons for the study, audience, intended application, energy and material flows.
Why was 10 million liters of delivered water selected as the functional unit in a life cycle emissions calculation?
To provide a standard measure for comparison.
What is the best functional unit for comparing environmental impacts of two dump trucks?
Ton-mile.
What action would lead to the greatest reduction in life cycle climate change impacts for a diesel bus?
Improving the fuel efficiency by 10%.
What part of life cycle assessment tracks material flows and energy use according to ISO?
Inventory analysis.
What is the best functional unit for comparing environmental impacts of two highway material options?
Mile-year.
Why might we use the units 'kg N-eq' when assessing eutrophication impacts?
To bring multiple pollutants to a common unit.
What are examples of climate change adaptation?
Replace a natural gas power plant with a wind farm; Elevate a substation to avoid storm surge; Design stormwater systems for heavy precipitation.
What are the major environmental impacts of a given source of pollution?
Acidification, Climate change, Smog formation, Ozone depletion.
What are examples of climate change mitigation?
Allow telecommuting to reduce vehicle-miles; Increase electric vehicle usage; Replace a natural gas power plant with a wind farm.
What are the major environmental impacts of farmland runoff?
Eutrophication, Smog formation, Climate change, Ozone depletion.
What are the major environmental impacts of automobile exhaust?
Smog formation, Climate change, Ozone depletion, Eutrophication.
Can pre-requisites be waived by Dr. Miller or Dr. Martinez?
No.
What significant legislation passed in 1972 to help clean up wastewater in the US?
The Clean Water Act.
How has the world changed in relation to poverty, education, health, and child mortality in the last 200 years?
Greatly improved.
What dimensions for y would ensure dimensional consistency if Φ = Newton and α = meter²?
[Specific dimensions needed for context].
What is a Newton equivalent to?
(kg*m)/s²
Which of the following are units?
Pounds and cm
What ensures that an equation is correct?
Performing dimensional checks on the equation.
What part of life cycle assessment converts inventory to environmental impacts?
Impact Assessment
What action leads to the greatest reduction in life cycle climate change impacts for diesel buses?
Improving the fuel efficiency of the diesel bus by 42%.
What are the goals of a life cycle assessment?
The reasons for carrying out the study, the audience, whether the results will be used in comparative assertions released publicly, the intended application.
What is the best functional unit for comparing dump trucks in an LCA?
Ton-mile.
Why was 10 million liters of delivered water selected as the functional unit for drinking water options?
The service provided across these three options.
Which option resulted in the highest life cycle greenhouse gas emissions?
Desalination.
What is the best functional unit for comparing material options for painting under a bridge?
Sq ft-year.
What are the major environmental impacts of coal power plants?
Climate change, acidification, smog formation.
What is the estimated atmospheric CO2 concentration range in 2100?
300-400 ppm.
What is the concentration of cadmium in River D if River B has 89 μg/l?
9 μg/l.
What happens to the concentration of plastic going to the landfill if 25% is diverted to recycling?
It stays the same.
How is the reference pollutant identified in LCA?
The pollutant with the greatest mass per functional unit serves as the reference pollutant.
What happens to the concentration of paper going to the landfill if recycling increases to 35%?
It would decrease.
What is the expected life of Truck A?
10 years.
What is the expected life of Truck B?
16 years.
What is the expected lifetime of Option A for painting?
5 years.
What is the expected lifetime of Option B for painting?
15 years.
What is the concentration of cadmium in River D if it has 2.1 μg/l?
2.1 μg/l.
What is the impact of increasing waste generation while maintaining recycling at 25%?
Concentration of plastic going to landfill stays the same.
What is the best functional unit for comparing environmental impacts of two different material options?
Sq ft-year.
What is the impact of increasing recycling to 35% on landfill concentration?
It would decrease.
What is the expected life of the less expensive option for painting?
5 years.
What is the expected life of the more expensive option for painting?
15 years.
What is the concentration of cadmium in River D calculated from Rivers A, B, and C?
9 μg/l.
What is the major contributor to eutrophication from the given source of pollution?
Eutrophication.
What is the major contributor to climate change from the given source of pollution?
Coal power plant.
What are the flow rates for Rivers A, B, and C?
5.4 m3/s, 5 m3/s, and 1.4 m3/s
What is the best functional unit for transporting aggregate?
Shipment-mile
What is sustainability thought of in terms of?
Economic issues, Social issues, Resource issues, Environmental issues
Is it possible to graduate from CCEE with a major GPA < 2.0?
False
When did the Clean Water Act pass?
1935
Is it possible to graduate without taking E102?
False
How has the world changed in the last 200 years in relation to poverty, education, health, and child mortality?
Greatly improved
What are the dimensions for Re to ensure dimensional consistency?
No dimensions
What would happen to the concentration of metal going to the landfill if total waste generated increases but 25% is still diverted to recycling?
It would stay the same
Which are units?
Milligram, Centimeter
Does performing dimensional checks on an equation ensure that the equation is correct?
False
What is the cadmium concentration in River B if River D has a concentration of 9.5 μg/l?
16.00
What are the life cycle impacts for global warming for Product A?
4055 kg CO2-eq/functional unit
What are the life cycle impacts for global warming for Product B?
7580 kg CO2-eq/functional unit
Which product has lower life cycle global warming impacts per functional unit?
Product A
Which pollutant is the greatest contributor to life cycle global warming impacts for Product A?
CH4
What does the goal and scope phase of a life cycle assessment include?
Goal and scope definition; Inventory analysis; Impact assessment; Interpretation
What is the best functional unit for comparing environmental impacts of two different materials for a highway?
Mile-year
What is a major contributor to eutrophication?
Pollution from various sources
What are the environmental impacts of automobile exhaust?
Smog formation, Climate change
What are the environmental impacts of coal power plants?
Acidification, Smog formation, Climate change