Superficial and Intermediate, extrinsic Back Muscles

Trapezius

P: skull at superior nuchal line and external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and all thoracic vertebra

D:lateral claivcle, acromion, spine of scapula

I: CN XI, C3 and C4 (proprioception)

A: elevates, retracts, depresses and rotates scapula

Latissimus Dorsi

P: spinous processes of lower thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, iliac crest and lower ribs

D: intertubercular sulcus of humerus

I: Thoracodorsal (C6, C7 C8)

A: extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus

Levator Scapulae

P: transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae

D: superior angle of scapula

I: dorsal scapular nerve (c5)

A:elevates and downwardly rotates scapula

Rhomboid Major

P:spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae

D: medial border of scapula

I: dorsal scapular (C5)

A: retracts and elevates scapula

Rhomboid Minor

P: inferior nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T1

D: medial border of scapula

I: dorsal scapular (C5)

A: retracts and elevates scapula

Serratus Posterior Superior

P: nuchal ligament, spinous processes of lower cervical and upper thoracic region

D: upper ribs

I: anterior rami in upper thoracic region

A: elevates ribs

Serratus Posterior Inferior

P: spinous processes of lower thoracic and upper lumbar region

D: lower ribs

I: ventral rami in lower thoracic region

A: depress ribs