AQA Unfamiliar Fieldwork (Paper 3) Review

Comprehensive flashcards covering data analysis (mean, median, mode, range, IQR), graph types, mapping techniques, sampling strategies, and fieldwork methodology based on the lecture transcript.

How is the mean calculated?

Add all data together and divide by the number of values.

How is the median determined?

Put the data in numerical order and find the middle number.

What is the mode?

The most common number.

How is the range calculated?

The highest number minus the smallest number.

What is the formula for the interquartile range?

Upper quartile value minus the lower quartile value.

Why is the interquartile range considered more accurate than the range?

It removes the extreme values.

What are two advantages of using averages in data analysis?

Averages can remove the risk of anomalies skewing data and help tell a general trend or what is most common.

According to the notes, what is the difference between a dependent and independent variable in a line graph?

The dependent variable isn't changed by other variables (e.g., time) and the independent variable is changed by other variables (e.g., the number of cars on the road).

What is a Choropleth Map?

A map that uses different shades of colour/symbols to display different amounts.

What is an Isoline map and what is an example of it?

Lines that join up values of the same value; an example is Contour lines.

What is the purpose of a Dispersion Graph?

It takes a set of data and allows you to see if the data is grouped together or very different.

How are Scatter Graphs used in fieldwork?

They investigate a link between $2$ sets of data.

What is a Pie Chart useful for?

It is a divided circle useful for presenting a quantity that can be divided into parts.

What is a Divided Bar Chart?

Columns of bar charts that are sub-divided based on the information being displayed.

What is the difference between Dot maps and Proportional symbol maps?

Dot maps show $1$ dot per value, while proportional symbols are circles/symbols drawn at different sizes to represent different values.

Compare Flow Line maps and Desire Line maps.

Flow lines show movement of something from one place to another, while desire lines show a line to represent how places are connected.

What is the difference between Primary and Secondary data?

Primary data is data you collect yourself, while Secondary data is data collected by someone else.

Give examples of Quantitative Data from the lecture notes.

River depth/width/velocity/discharge, pebble size/beach gradient, weather data, erosion rates, house price data, and traffic/pedestrian counts.

What is Qualitative Data and what are some examples?

Qualitative data is data that is descriptive, such as photographs, pebble roughness, OS maps, interviews, and questionnaires.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Random Sampling?

Advantages: Not bias as each site has an equal chance of being picked. Disadvantages: Sites can get clustered together meaning data collection isn't representative, and it may lead to inaccessible sites.

What is Systematic Sampling?

Picking sites every $x$ metres.

What is Stratified Sampling and its main advantage?

Picking sites by topic/category; it gives a good comparison of different areas (e.g., Upper, middle, and lower course).

What safety precautions should be taken when collecting river data?

All should wear wellies, stay in groups, and be told not to go in deep parts of the river to manage the risk of powerful water and slipping.

Define 'Accurate concludes' and 'Reliable conclusions'.

Accurate conclusions occur when data is collected in the correct way so findings are trustworthy; Reliable conclusions occur when enough data is collected in an accurate way so we can trust the results.

How can data collection methods be improved to be more Representative?

Collect data at more sites to cover a larger area, ask a lot of different people to cover all ages/genders/ethnicities, and collect data at different times of day/year/weather conditions.