Group 1-3

Flashcards to review the lecture notes about Claro Mayo Recto and Rizal Law

Who was Claro Mayo Recto?

A Filipino politician, jurist, poet known for his nationalism.

For what is Claro Mayo Recto remembered?

For his nationalism and the impact of his patriotic convictions on modern political thought.

In what year did Claro M. Recto launch his political career?

1916, as a legal adviser to the first Philippine Senate.

In what year was Claro M. Recto elected representative from the second district of Batangas?

1919

As what was Recto known?

Abogado milagroso (lawyer of miracles)

In what year was Recto appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines?

1935, by U.S.A. President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

What role did Recto play in drafting the Philippine Constitution?

He presided over the assembly that drafted the Philippine Constitution in 1934-1935.

What is Claro Mayo Recto's significance regarding the Rizal Law?

He is the Father of the Rizal Law and sponsored the Rizal Bill.

What does the Rizal Bill require?

All high schools, colleges, and universities to include in their curricula a course in the study of Dr. Jose Rizal's life, works, and writings, mainly the novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

What is Republic Act No. 1425 also known as?

The Rizal Law

When Republic Act No. 1425 was approved and enacted?

June 12, 1956

What does Republic Act No. 1425 mandate for academic institutions?

To include the life, works, and writing of Jose Rizal in their curricula.

What do Sections 2 of Republic Act No. 1425 state concerning school libraries?

The libraries of the school must have enough copies of the original, unexpurgated version of the novels along with other books about Rizal’s life and work.

What instructions does Section 3 of Republic Act No. 1425 give to the Board of National Education?

The Board of National Educations shall translate the works of Rizal including Noli Me Tangee and El Filibusterismo in English, Tagalog, and the dialects used in the Philippines.

What does Section 4 of Republic Act No. 1425 prohibit?

Discussion of religious doctrines by public school teachers and other people engaged in any public school is prohibited.

How much money was allotted to carry out the purposes of Republic Act No. 1425?

A total of 300,000 pesos.

When was Dr. Jose P. Rizal born?

June 19, 1861

What were the conditions in the Philippines during Dr. Jose Rizal's era?

Instability of Colonial Administration, Corrupt Spanish Officials, No Philippine Representation to the Spanish Courts, Denial of human rights to Filipinos.

Who chose Rizal as the National Hero?

The American colonial government under Governor William Howard Taft.

What were some of Dr. Otley H. Beyer’s Criteria for National Hero?

Must be a Filipino, must be peace-loving and a pacifist, must have a strong sense of patriotism, must have died as a martyr for the country.

What was Rizal’s most notable attribute?

His extraordinary self-sacrifice and unwavering dedication to his country, prioritizing its welfare over personal comfort, wealth, and familial bonds.

What national holiday commemorates Rizal's heroic death?

Rizal Day (December 30)

What is one of the most iconic monument for Rizal?

Rizal Monument in Luneta

What currency features Rizal's image?

The 1 peso coin

How did the friars hold immense power under Spanish Colonial Rule?

Controlling land, education, and governance, while corrupt Spanish officials exploited Filipinos through excessive taxation, forced labor, and unjust laws.

What global trend influenced the Philippines during Rizal's time?

The growth of liberalism, industrialization, democracy, social awareness, and nationalism.

What was the role of the Ministry of Colonies in the Spanish Government Structure?

Managed Spanish colonies, including the Philippines.

What was the role of the Governor-General in the Spanish Government Structure?

Represented the king, held executive, legislative, and religious power, controlled military, judiciary, and finances, had the power to implement or ignore laws.

What discriminatory practices existed in the Spanish Colonial government?

Filipinos (Indios) could only hold low positions (Gobernadorcillo or Cabeza de Barangay).

What does Frailocracy refer to in the context of the Spanish Colonial Era?

Religious leaders (Spanish priests) controlled the government and economy.

What did the Alcalde Mayor do?

Forced farmers to sell goods at low prices and sold them back at high prices and Collected more taxes than required and kept the extra money.

What powers did Spanish priests have?

Controlled the government and economy, influenced the Governor-General and local leaders, and owned large estates (haciendas).

How frequently did leadership change in the Philippines from 1849-1898?

The Philippines had 45 Governor Generals (average term: 1 year, 3 months).

What rights were upheld for Spaniards but denied to Filipinos?

Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of association

What was the social stratification during the Spanish Colonial Era?

A highly stratified society favoring Spaniards, with Peninsulares at the top and Indios at the bottom.

How was Catholicism the dominant influence?

Shift from epics to religious works (Awit, Corrido, Moromoro, Komedya, Pasyon) and Restrictions to artists of religious theme via the Synod of Calasiao (1773).

Who was Father Jose Burgos, and what did he criticize?

A priest who criticized the denial of opportunities and recognition of Filipino efforts.

What curriculum differences were there during in the education system during the Spanish Regime?

Males studied Spanish History, Latin, Law, and Philosophy, while females focused on Courtesy, Music, Language, and Sewing.

What was the encomienda system?

A grant of land and inhabitants given to Spanish colonizers as a reward for their service.

What was the purpose of Reduccion?

Natives were forced to live near the town center to facilitate monitoring and conversion to Catholicism.

What was the Bandala policy?

Natives were forced to sell their goods to Spaniards at extremely low prices.

What was Polo y Servicios?

Male Filipinos (16-60 years old) were required to work on Spanish projects.

What taxes were imposed on Filipinos?

Cedula, Sanctorum, Donativo de Zamboanga, and Tribute (Buwis).

What was the Galleon Trade?

A trading system between Manila, Acapulco (Mexico), and Canton (China), which restricted free trade.

Who were Rizal's parents?

Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso.

What does 'Mercado' mean, and why was it adopted by Rizal's family?

Meaning 'market,' it was adopted in 1731 by his Chinese great-grandfather, Domingo Lamco.

When was Jose Rizal baptized, and who were his godparents?

June 22, 1861, by Father Rufino Collantes, with Father Pedro Casañas as his godfather.

What did Rizal enjoy doing as a child?

Watching birds and insects in the garden, admiring the scenic beauty of Calamba, Mt. Makiling, and Antipolo, and participating in religious processions.

What was Rizal's first experience with loss?

The death of his little sister, Concha.

What does the Fire represent in the tale, “The Story of the Moth”?

Represents enlightenment, ambition, and the pursuit of knowledge.

Who taught Rizal how to read and write in Spanish?

Dona Teodora (his mother)

Who was Rizal's first teacher?

Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz

At what age did Rizal write his first poem?

8 years old

What is the title of Rizal's first poem?

Sa aking mga Kabata- To my Fellow Children