Atomic structure and the periodic table

In an element

All the atoms are the same

What is the only thing you can separate with physical separation techniques

Mixtures

What is filtration used for

To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

What is crystallisation

Used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid

What are the 2 types of distillation

Simple and Fractional

Explain how simple distillation is carried out

Evaporate the liquid

Condense it back down

What charge do alpha particles have

Positive

What does the results of the alpha scattering experiment tell scientists

Atoms are mostly empty space

Centre of the atom must be positive

Centre of an atom but contain a great deal of mass

What are 3 key features of the nuclear model atom

Negative electrons surrounding it

Positive Nucleus

Mostly Empty Space

How do negative electrons surround the nucleus

Orbits on shells at specific distances

What are the relative masses of PNEs

P - 1

N -1

E - very small

What does the atomic number tell you

The number of protons and electrons

What does the mass number tell you

The number of protons and neutrons combined

What is an isotope

Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons

What is an ion

Atoms with an overall charge

What is the relative atomic mass

An average Mass number across all the isotopes

What group are elements with a full outer shell in

Group 0

What is another name for group 0

The Noble Gases

If all the elements are in the same group they have the same..

Number of electrons in their outer energy level

What did john newlands do

He arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic weight

What did newlands call this

His law of octaves

Who made the modern day periodic table

Dmitri Mendeleev

How did he do this

• He started by arranging all the elements in order of increasing atomic weight

• He left gaps for undiscovered elements

In the modern periodic table how are the elements ordered

In order of atomic number

Are noble gases unreactive or reactive

Unreactive

Why are they unreactive

As they have a full outer shell so they are more stable

What does this mean about all the noble gases

They all have a full outer shell

What happens when metals react

They lose electrons to achieve a full outer shell

Metals always form

Positive ions

What is the name for Group 1

Alkali Metals

All group 1 metals have

1 electron in their outer energy level

Group 1 reacts rapidly with

Oxygen

What happens when lithium reacts with water

It fizzes and turns it alkaline

What happens when sodium reacts with water

Gas being produced

Turns it alkaline

Rapid movements

What happens when potassium reacts with water

Gas being produced

Alkaline solution forming

Purple Flame

Rapid movements

What happens the more we move down group 1

Gets more reactive

What is group 7 called

The Halogens

All the elements in group 7 are

Non Metals

What is a covalent bond

A shared pair of electrons

What are all the Halogens at room temperature

Fluorine - Gas

Chlorine - Gas

Bromine - Liquid

Iodine - Solid

What happens as we move down group 7

The relative molecular mass increases

What do group 7 elements make when they react with other non metals

Covalent Bonds

What happens when Halogens react with metals

They form ionic compounds

What’s some facts about alkali metals

Soft

Low MPs

Low density

What are important facts about Transition Metals

Hard and strong metals

High melting points

High density

Much less reactive than group 1 metals

What’ s another property of transition elements

They form coloured compounds