U.S. foreign policy vocabularies

CNN effect

A pattern in which globalized news coverage of a crisis abroad prompts the U.S. government to take foreign policy action

framing

Government attempts to simplify and represent foreign policy problems so they are understood by citizens in ways that favor the government’s position; generally supported and perpetuated by news organizations

parachute journalism

A pattern of news coverage in which reporters descend on a trouble spot and then move on, never gaining a deep understanding of the problems in the area that would give their reporting greater substance

partial views

góc nhìn trung lập

living-room war

A war experienced by the public through daily TV coverage, especially the Vietnam War. It showed how mass media can shape perceptions of foreign policy and reduce public support for government actions

selective exposure

chọn lọc thông tin mà mình muốn nghe, có lợi cho suy nghĩ của mình

track 1 diplomacy

refers to official diplomacy, where communication is directly between or among goverments (Conducting by diplomats, head of states,other official authorities)

track 1.5 diplomacy

occurs when government representation and non-government experts engage in dialogue or meetings together in less formal ways than track 1 diplomacy

track 2 diplomacy

An informal approach to international relations that engages private citizens and nongovernmental organizations on a variety of transnational issues

social movements

The mobilization of broad-based private groups, usually around shared concerns or grievances related to public policy on a specific issue and a desire to alter the policy through mass pressure

bully pulpit

The president’s unique ability to speak and gain public attention used to influence people and set the agenda (TV, social media,…)

advisory systems

the way the president organizes and leads the advisory system

management style

the group of people who advise the president on foreign policy. How they work depends on the president’s style

formalistic model

strict hiearchy, advice filtered by a “gatekeeper” before reaching the president

competitive model

advisers openly argue and present different ideas, the president chooses the best

collegial model

advisers work together to find consensus, president encourages teamwork

executive agreements

international agreements made by the president without Senate approval , faster than treaties

prerogative powers

special powers used by the pre3sident in emergencies, even outside normal laws

stewardship theory

the president may do anything no forbidden by the Constitution if it helps the nation

saber rattling

threatening another country with military power or strong words, but without real fighting

codetermination

shared foreign policy power between president and Congress (declare war, approving treaties)

zone of twiglight

an unclear area where i’s not obvious if president or Congress has power